三维地震技术在煤层顶板稳定性研究中的应用

龙固井田为全隐蔽的华北型煤田,位于巨野煤田中部,其首采扩大区主采煤层为3号煤层。考虑3煤层顶板稳定性主要受其顶板的构造信息和岩性信息影响,因此首先依据三维地震勘探综合解释成果及波阻抗反演解释成果对二者进行定量化,然后对波阻抗数据进行归一化处理,使得波阻抗数据和量化后的构造数据具有相同的变化范围及等量贡献。在此距离范围内构造和岩性的权值各为0．5,依此生成综合因素煤层顶板稳定性隶属度。分析3煤层顶板以上10m、20m处的综合因素煤层顶板稳定性隶属度图可以发现,该区3煤层顶板稳定性比较好。且其稳定性主要是受构造因素控制,岩性因素相对影响较小。     

阿尔金断裂东端破裂生长点的最新构造变形*

阿尔金断裂与祁连山北缘断裂的交汇部位是阿尔金断裂向东扩展的新破裂生长点,两断裂构造与新生的红柳峡断裂构成似三联点构造。破裂生长点附近的最新构造变形表现为:阿尔金断裂的旋转隆升和向北扩展;祁连山北缘断裂的逆冲推覆兼右旋走滑;红柳峡断裂的挤压拖曳弯曲,它们共同受制于青藏高原的强烈隆升和向外扩张作用。推测阿尔金断裂自西而东的破裂扩展就是似三联点构造逐一形成而又被切割贯通的过程。阿尔金断裂以蠕滑活动为主,2002年玉门地震与祁连山北缘逆冲断裂及其伴生的调节断层的活动相关。     

滑坡治理中格构锚固结构的解析解分析

在分析格构锚固结构受力的基础上 ,将格构梁简化为受集中力作用的弹性地基上的梁 ,提出了格构锚固结构的力学模型 ,利用 Winkler弹性地基上梁的解析解对格构梁进行了内力和变形的分析 ,发现格构梁的受力状况受弹性特征λ、梁格间距 ls以及悬臂长度影响 ;建议梁长 l与λ宜满足 lλ≥ 2π;采用较小间距的格构梁以及小吨位锚索 ,间距宜满足 lsλ<π/ 2 ,悬臂长度取 (0 .3～ 0 .5 ) ls,并将分析结论应用于三峡库区巴东太矶头东滑坡治理工程的设计中     

Palaeozoic structures in the Xayacatlán area,Acatlán Complex,southern Mexico: transtensional rift‐ and subduction‐related deformation along the margin of Oaxaquia

The Xayacatlán area (eastern Mixteca terrane, southern Mexico) was previously inferred to preserve the Ordovician‐Silurian thrust contact between vestiges of the Iapetus Ocean and the para‐autochthon bordering Oaxaquia. Detailed remapping indicates that the rocks occur in four vertically‐bounded, NS fault blocks. The latter record the following tectonothermal events that post‐date Iapetus and occurred along the margins of the Rheic (1) and Pacific (2 and 3) oceans: (1) dextral transtension accompanying intrusion of an NS, tholeiitic dike swarm at ～442 Ma; (2) penetrative, greenschist‐facies deformation during the Mississippian related to extrusion of high‐pressure rocks; and (3) subgreenschist‐facies dextral transtension on NS faults during the generation of Middle Permian fabrics.     

Damping characteristics of friction damped braced frame and its effectiveness in the mega-sub controlled structure system

Based on energy dissipation and structural control principle, a new structural configuration, called the mega- sub controlled structure (MSCS) with friction damped braces (FDBs), is first presented. Meanwhile, to calculate the damping coefficient in the slipping state a new analytical method is proposed. The damping characteristics of one-storey friction damped braced frame (FDBF) are investigated, and the influence of the structural parameters on the energy dissipation and the practical engineering design are discussed. The nonlinear dynamic equations and the analytical model of the MSCS with FDBs are established. Three building structures with different structural configurations, which were designed with reference to the conventional mega-sub structures such as used in Tokyo City Hall, are comparatively investigated. The results illustrate that the structure presented in the paper has excellent dynamic properties and satisfactory control effectiveness.     

基于激光扫描和构造分析的紫云苗厅“双穹顶结构”成因机理初步研究

隶属于贵州格必（凸）河伏流洞穴系统的紫云苗厅,是世界上已知探明体积和表面积最大的洞厅,平面投影面积仅次于马来西亚的沙捞越大厅。2014年英国研究人员采用Riegl VZ-400三维激光扫描仪首次对整个苗厅进行了地面激光扫描,本研究通过激光扫描数据并结合地质构造背景分析,对苗厅基本形态特征及其控制因素获得了如下新认识：（1）苗厅整体由两个洞厅与一段大型廊道（极有可能是世界上跨度最大的洞穴廊道）共同构成,在形态上则是两个穹顶与一个拱顶相连接,总体呈“凹”字形。点云切片显示苗厅为鞍部（上部）水平截面呈两个独立又相互关联的多边形且底座并联的“双穹顶”特殊结构;（2）苗厅鞍部的多边形系多期地质构造错动所致,产生了不同方向、不同等级的断裂和节理体系,在区域内形成了具有格子状构造的格局,密集的裂隙交汇于苗厅使得溶蚀作用最为发育;（3）苗厅发育在交麻向斜核部下二叠厚层—块状石灰岩地层中,向斜底部的开张裂隙为地下水进入提供了良好的构造条件,是苗厅能发育成世界级巨大洞厅一个不可忽略的关键因素;（4）苗厅还存在上层洞道,与区域内的层状洞穴共同反映了地质历史时期构造抬升与河流下切的双重作用。推测早期有其它多股水流从高处共同汇聚于苗厅,共同掏蚀出巨大的地下空间,并经历了从潜流带到包气带的转换,才最终形成现今所见的宏大洞厅;（5）根据地貌形态与地质构造的关系,“双穹顶”的发育暗示了有利于形成超大地下洞厅的特殊地质构造也是相邻成对的。     

小浪底水库断裂构造分析与诱发地震预测

对小浪底水库区城崖地，塔底，石井河等主要活动断层的基本特征作了 简要介绍，采用断层强度分析法分别估算了小浪底水库蓄水前和一些断层面的抗滑稳定系数，对库区地震活动性，应力状态，岩溶和岩体渗透性等诱震条件进行了分析，对水库诱发地震的最大震级和可能的震中位置进行了初步预测。     

Nonlinear seismic behaviour of wall-frame dual systems accounting for soil–structure interaction

The aim of this paper is to study the effects of soil–structure interaction on the seismic response of coupled wall-frame structures on pile foundations designed according to modern seismic provisions. The analysis methodology based on the substructure method is recalled focusing on the modelling of pile group foundations. The nonlinear inertial interaction analysis is performed in the time domain by using a finite element model of the superstructure. Suitable lumped parameter models are implemented to reproduce the frequency-dependent compliance of the soil-foundation systems. The effects of soil–structure interaction are evaluated by considering a realistic case study consisting of a 6-storey 4-bay wall-frame structure founded on piles. Different two-layered soil deposits are investigated by varying the layer thicknesses and properties. Artificial earthquakes are employed to simulate the earthquake input. Comparisons of the results obtained considering compliant base and fixed base models are presented by addressing the effects of soil–structure interaction on displacements, base shears, and ductility demand. The evolution of dissipative mechanisms and the relevant redistribution of shear between the wall and the frame are investigated by considering earthquakes with increasing intensity. Effects on the foundations are also shown by pointing out the importance of both kinematic and inertial interaction. Finally, the response of the structure to some real near-fault records is studied. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

清溪场地区茅口组裂缝储层预测

茅口组储层以生屑灰岩储层为主,储集空间主要为溶孔、裂缝。这里运用P波振幅方位各向异性分析方法,对清溪场构造茅口组储层开展裂缝预测,搞清了裂缝发育与地层岩性以及构造发育之间的关系,明确了裂缝的走向、强度,以及密度发育部位,预测了裂缝的分布范围。实际资料应用表明,用该套方法识别裂缝—溶隙型储层是有效和可靠的,可以检测出有利的裂缝储层发育带。