巯基棉富集—大口径毛细管气相色谱法测定水样中痕量烷基汞

介绍了巯基棉富集-大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法测定环境水中痕量烷基汞的分析方法,并与玻璃填充柱色谱分离烷基汞进行了对比。取1000ml环境水样时,本法的检出限为:甲基汞(MMC)0.5pg;乙基汞(EMC)0.7pg。     

棉花-花生在不同间作模式下土壤养分的变化特点

通过田间试验研究了棉花－花生在不同间作模式下土壤养分的变化,结果表明：棉花－花生在合理的间作条件下,土壤养分有一定的互补作用。棉花能充分利用固定的氮,花生能利用棉花活化的土壤磷;棉花－花生间作,要注意钾素的补充。间作距离小,这两种作物一方面发生养分竞争,更主要的是地上部竞争,影响经济产量。间作距离过大与单相作类似。     

大气CO2浓度升高和施氮对棉田土壤理化性质及微生物区系的影响

针对耕地非农转化过程中产生的一系列社会问题,采用参与性农户调查方法,对西部欠发达地区西宁市郊区5个样本村190户农户进行了随机入户调查。根据城市开发进程、到市区距离和种植类型等条件,将调查样本村分为近郊城区化农村、近郊农村和远郊农村,就农户对耕地非农转换的基本认知及耕地非农转换的经济、社会和环境价值感知进行分析。结果表明:耕地征用后农户能理性感知和判别耕地非农转换价值,并普遍认为失去耕地后生活费用增加、生活保障降低、收入来源和就业机会少;感知主要受耕地数量、区位条件、耕地开发阶段等因素的影响;处于不同区位条件的农户对耕地非农转换的价值感知存在差异性,城区化农户已逐渐适应城市生活,近郊农户的非农转换经济和社会感知压力最大,远郊农民也感知经济和生活保障压力,但更希望能通过打工增加收入。     

水氮耦合对膜下滴灌棉花产量效应的探讨

为了探讨膜下滴灌棉花水肥耦合效应,于2003-2004年在新疆北疆雨水较少地区开展不同水氮条件对棉花产量效应的大田试验研究。结果表明,在该试验条件下,土壤水分对产量的作用最大,氮肥次之;水氮耦合的产量效应表现为适宜土壤水分中施肥量效果最高,高土壤水分中施肥量次之,低土壤水分低施氮量最低;水氮交互大小的顺序是水氮耦合＞土壤水分＞施氮量;获得最高籽棉产量5253kg/hm2的灌水量为4190m3/hm2,施氮量为276kg/hm2。     

基于电磁感应数据的膜下滴灌土壤水分动态变化研究

快速、无损监测农田土壤水分含量,是智慧农业的重要研究内容.以新疆南疆阿拉尔国家农业科技园区膜下滴灌棉田为研究对象,运用EM38-MK2大地电导率仪快速、高效的获取了4组不同时期的棉田土壤表观电导率数据,并同步采集表层土壤(0～20 cm)样品,通过构建表观电导率数据与室内测定含水量数据间的反演模型获取了测点的含水量数据...     

Impact of Irrigation Methods on Soil Salt Content and Their Differences in Whole Cotton Growing Season in Arid Area of Northwest China

Research for changes of soil water and salt is an important content of land sciences and agriculture sciences in arid and semi arid regions. In this paper, sampling in actual agricultural fields, laboratory analysis of soil samples and statistical analysis methods are used to quantitatively analyze soil salinity changes under different irrigation methods throughout the cotton growing season in Shihezi reclamation area. The results show that irrigation methods play an important role in soil salt content in the surface soil (0-20 cm) and sub-deep soil (40-60 cm), followed by deep soil layer (60-100 cm) and root soil layer (20-40 cm). Furrow irrigation yields the maximum soil salt content in deep layer (60-100 cm) or sub-deep layer (40-60 cm) and the maximum salinity occurs in the first half of the cotton growing season (June or earlier). In contrast, drip irrigation yields the maximum soil salinity in the root layer (20-40 cm) or sub-deep (40-60 cm), and this usually appears in the second half growing season (July or after). The ratio of chloride ion to sulfate ion (Cl^-/SO₄^2-) and its change in the soil are on the rise under furrow irrigation, while the value first increased and then decreased with a peak point in June under drip irrigation. This suggests that furrow irrigation may shift the type of soil salinization to chloride ion type moreso than drip irrigation. Potassium and sodium ion contents of the soil show that soil sodium+potassium content will drop after the first rise under furrow irrigation and the value is manifested by fluctuations under drip irrigation. Potassium+sodium content change is relatively more stable in the whole cotton growth period under irrigation methods. The maximum of sodium and potassium content of the soil usually occur in deep soil layer (60-100 cm) or sub-deep soil layer (40-60 cm) in most sample points under furrow irrigation while it is inconsistent in different sample points under drip irrigation. A nonparametric test for paired samples is used to analyze differences of soil salt content under different irrigation methods. This analysis shows that the impact of irrigation on soil salinity is most significant in July, followed by August, June, May, and April in most sample points. The most significant impact of irrigation methods occurs in the surface soil layer (0-20 cm), followed by deep layer (60-100 cm), root layer (20-40 cm) and sub-deep (40-60 cm). These conclusions will be benefitial for mitigation of soil salinization, irrigation and fertilization and sustainable land use.     

滴灌棉花ABA不同氮肥处理下与土层20 cm田间持水率之间的响应特征

利用滴灌盆栽试验,研究蕾期和花铃期不同施N水平的条件下,滴灌棉花ABA浓度与土层20 cm田间持水率之间的响应特征,结果表明:在蕾期不同处理纯N分别为N2、N4、N6 g/盆的条件下,滴灌棉花ABA含量与土层20 cm田间持水率之间的相关性系数(r)的分别为-0.946、-0.917、-0.966, T检验显著水平P为0.015、0.029、0.007;模型拟合决定系数(R²)分别为0.977、0.852、0.934;花铃期,滴灌棉花ABA含量与土层20 cm田间持水率之间的相关性系数(r)的分别为-0.788、-0.959、-0.861;模型拟合决定系数(R²)分别为0.737、0.937、0.872;因而,蕾期盆栽滴灌棉花在纯N分别为N2、N4、N6 g/盆的条件下,滴灌棉花ABA含量与土层20 cm田间持水率之间的相关性为负相关, N6 g/盆的相关性达到显著水平, N6 g/盆处理拟合决定系数(R²)达到极显著水平,其模型为对数。花铃期滴灌棉花ABA含量与土层20 cm田间持水率之间的相关性为负相关, N4 g/盆的相关性达到极显著水平,模型拟合决定系数(R²) N4 g/盆达到极显著水平其模型为指数函数。本文研究的回归模型很好地描述了滴灌棉花腾发量及需水特性,为内陆干旱区绿洲农业滴灌棉花耗水量的估算提供了新计算方法和科学依据。     

石河子棉区棉花障碍型冷害的人工模拟试验研究

为了确定引起棉花障碍型冷害的主导气象因子,达到及时预报,减轻损失的目的。2007-2008年在新疆石河子棉区乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站内,通过智能人工气候箱对石河子主栽品种297-5实施低温模拟试验,研究不同范围低温(9℃~17.5℃和11.5~17.5℃),及低温持续时间(2~4天)对棉花生长的影响,结果表明：石河子棉区棉花在遭受不同强度低温冷害后,其叶片、蕾和幼铃都出现异常脱落现象,且其减少程度与冷害强度有关,相同最高温度,最低温度值越小,持续时间越长其减少率越高;棉花在遭受相同强度的低温后,其蕾、铃先于叶片出现异常脱落现象,并且减少率高于叶片15%~40%,但在一定强度范围内,当环境温度再次升高到满足其生长条件后,仍然可以继续稳定生长。     

趋利避害是玛纳斯县植棉的重要丰产技术

分析了９０年代以来,玛纳斯县不同气候年景对棉花产量、品质的影响,并提出了相应的对策。