鱿鱼皮明胶水解物降血压活性研究

探讨了秘鲁鱿鱼(Dosidicus eschrichitii Steenstrup)皮明胶水解物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制活性以及其降血压作用。采用超滤法对明胶水解液进行初步分离;采用比色法检测不同分子量范围鱿鱼皮明胶水解物组分的ACE抑制活性;采用两肾一夹型建立肾血管性高血压大鼠(RHR)模型,经口服预防给药30 d后,测定大鼠血压和血液中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量。试验结果表明鱿鱼皮明胶水解物体外均能明显抑制ACE的活性,其中UC-2和UF-2的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.71和0.79 mg/mL。UF-2组分经口服预防给药可显著降低肾血管性高血压大鼠的动脉血压和大鼠血浆中的AngⅡ水平,具有较好的降血压效果。     

赤魟组织粗提物的抗肿瘤作用

采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)微量酶反应比色法检查赤魟三种组织(皮肤、软组织和软骨)粗提物对体外培养的人癌细胞生长的影响,用腹腔注射或灌胃法检查赤魟三种组织粗提物对小鼠移植性肉瘤180(S180)和肝癌(H22)生长的影响。结果表明,赤魟组织粗提物对体外培养的人早幼粒白血病细胞(HL-60)、人子宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)和人低分化鼻咽癌细胞(CNE-2Z)的生长无明显影响,赤魟组织粗提物无论腹腔注射还是灌胃均显著抑制小鼠肉瘤和小鼠肝癌的生长,且对体重无明显影响;当三种组织粗提物以500mg/kg/d(相当生药量,下同)的剂量连续腹腔注射(ip)15d时,对S180的抑制率分别为63.9%、47.2%和80.3%;以3500mg/kg/d连续灌胃(ig)15d时,对S180的抑制率分别为66.9%、61.5%和66.9%;以500mg/kg/d连续腹腔注射15d时,对H22的抑制率分别为43.3%、43.3%和80.4%。     

河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮黏液黏附作用的研究

为了解河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮黏液的黏附特性,采用3H-TdR同位素示踪方法研究了细菌浓度、孵育时间、孵育温度、pH值、阳离子、碳水化合物等因子对河流弧菌黏附作用的影响。试验结果表明:河流弧菌能很好地黏附于牙鲆表皮黏液,黏附量随菌浓度升高而增大并符合饱和黏附动力学:y=417.89ln(x)+691.57(R2=0.986);在30℃下黏附量随着孵育时间的延长而增加,180min趋于饱和;孵育温度在4~30℃范围内黏附量随温度升高而增多,30℃时黏附量最大;pH值酸性较碱性黏附作用明显,pH为5时最强;NaCl浓度在0.5%~4.5%范围内,细菌黏附作用随着浓度升高而增强,较纯水存在显著性差异(P<0.05);Ca2+,Mg2+能显著加强河流弧菌的黏附作用,但Ca2+作用明显超过Mg2+;葡萄糖等8种碳水化合物能显著促进河流弧菌的黏附作用(P<0.05)。以上结果说明:河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮黏液的黏附量较大,这有利于进一步感染、致病;河流弧菌的黏附作用受温度、pH值、阳离子、碳水化合物等多种环境因子的影响,较高的水温有利于河流弧菌的黏附,有利于疾病的发生。     

"Creating a Personality for Downtown": Business Improvement Districts in Milwaukee

This paper uses a case study of Business Improvement Districts in downtown Milwaukee to illustrate two key trends in contemporary urban revitalization. First, it highlights the ways in which the relationship between the public and private sectors continues to be reconfigured in the governance of cities. Second, it considers the roles of Business Improvement Districts in light of the current emphasis among urban policymakers and practitioners on delivering "cool" and "liveable" cities. I argue that Business Improvement Districts play a central role in overseeing the contemporary restructuring of urban space in many U.S. cities.     

桩侧注浆抗拔桩离心模型试验与原位测试分析

通过离心机模型试验研究了注浆对接触面特性、抗拔桩荷载-位移曲线及桩侧摩阻力的影响,揭示了注浆提高桩身侧摩阻力发展规律和抗拔承载机制,并进一步将离心机模型试验的结果与原位试验结果进行了对比分析。研究表明,注浆桩侧摩阻力的发挥呈现一个渐进过程,桩身上部极限摩阻力率先发挥,并逐渐向中下部发展;注浆后桩侧极限桩侧摩阻力得到提高,而发挥极限状态所需的桩-土相对位移减小,上拔加载过程中,桩侧上部和下部极限摩阻力增幅较大,中部增幅较小。离心与现场试验一致表明,桩侧注浆显著提高了桩的抗拔刚度及极限承载能力。     

软包装即食食品——鲻鱼皮加工工艺

研究了鲻鱼皮的加工工艺 ,筛选出鲻鱼皮加工成软包装即食食品的最佳工艺条件。结果表明 :鲻鱼皮的爽脆性主要与鲻鱼皮的烫煮和冰水浸泡工艺条件有关 ,最佳条件是先用 0 8g/L的保水剂浸泡3h,然后用低浓度的有效氯杀菌 ,再在 90℃中烫煮 60s,最后迅速放进无菌冰水中浸泡。研制出的产品为螺纹状 ,具有鱼皮特有的银灰色 ,爽脆且富有韧性 ,在 0～ 5℃下可保质 45d。     

The formation of radio brightening bands near cool filaments on the Sun

We analyze the spatial distribution of the intensity of radio emission from a cool filament in terms of the generalized Kippenhahn-Schluter model. Based on a numerical calculation of the centimeter radio emission and using the temperature transition layer model by Anzer and Heinzel (1999), we show that two symmetric brightening bands must be observed near the filament. The absence of any bands during observations with a sufficient angular resolution suggests that a different type of model is realized: a model with a narrow (unobservable) temperature transition layer across a magnetic field, in particular, a Kuperus-Raadu-type model.     

Skin friction features of drilled CIP piles in sand from pile segment analysis

Numerical pile segment analysis is conducted in this study with an advanced soil model to investigate the skin friction behaviour of a drilled Cast‐In‐Place (CIP) pile installed in sand. Although the interface between the sand and pile is considered rough, thin elements adjacent to the pile are used to include effects of localized shear. Unit weights of fluid concrete and accompanied changes in stress are considered as the effects of pile installation. Changes in effective stresses are the most prominent effect due to pile installation with a change in direction of the major principal stress from the vertical to the radial direction. Shear behaviour of the sand at the interface during the early shear stage is related to the contractive tendency of the sand at small strain levels. Changes in the stress field around the pile with little changes in volumetric strain take place during the early shear stage. Stress redistributions during the early shear stage depend on the direction of the major principal stress before shear. Results of the pile segment analyses for drilled CIP piles show good agreement with design methods. Parametric studies are used to characterize the effects of sand density and pile diameter on the skin friction behaviour of drilled CIP piles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Semi‐analytical solution for a slug test in partially penetrating wells including the effect of finite‐thickness skin

This paper presents a new semi‐analytical solution for a slug test in a well partially penetrating a confined aquifer, accounting for the skin effect. This solution is developed based on the solution for a constant‐flux pumping test and a formula given by Peres and co‐workers in 1989. The solution agrees with that of Cooper and co‐workers and the KGS model when the well is fully penetrating. The present solution can be applied to simulate the temporal and spatial head distributions in both the skin and formation zones. It can also be used to demonstrate the influences of skin type or skin thickness on the well water level and to estimate the hydraulic parameters of the skin and formation zones using a least‐squares approach. The results of this study indicate that the determination of hydraulic conductivity using a conventional slug‐test data analysis that neglects the presence of a skin zone will give an incorrect result if the aquifer has a skin zone. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

斑鳢皮肤的组织学观察

本文对斑鳢皮肤的细微结构进行光学和电子显微镜的观察。研究结果表明:斑鳢的皮肤由表皮、基膜、真皮和皮下组织构成。表皮主要由复层的被覆上皮细胞和粘液细胞组成,电镜显示,上皮细胞彼此用指状突起和桥粒相联接。粘液细胞的内含物有三种不同形态,它们是处在不同功能时期的不同形态表现。真皮由稀疏层和致密层构成,其中细胞种类较多,结构复杂。真皮借基膜与表皮相联。电镜显示,基膜含有微丝状结构。皮下组织主要含胶原纤維,在与肌肉交界处,纤維向肌束间延伸。