Cultivated land change in the Belt and Road Initiative region

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)–a development strategy proposed by China – provides unprecedented opportunities for multi-dimensional communication and cooperation across Asia, Africa and Europe. In this study, we analyse the spatio-temporal changes in cultivated land in the BRI countries (64 in total) to better understand the land use status of China along with its periphery for targeting specific collaboration. We apply FAO statistics and GlobeLand30 (the world’s finest land cover data at a 30-m resolution), and develop three indicator groups (namely quantity, conversion, and utilization degree) for the analysis. The results show that cultivated land area in the BRI region increased 3.73×10⁴ km² between 2000 and 2010. The increased cultivated land was mainly found in Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia, while the decreased cultivated land was mostly concentrated in China. Russia ranks first with an increase of 1.59×10⁴ km² cultivated land area, followed by Hungary (0.66×10⁴ km²) and India (0.57×104 km2). China decreased 1.95×10⁴ km² cultivated land area, followed by Bangladesh (–0.22×10⁴ km²) and Thailand (–0.22×10⁴ km²). Cultivated land was mainly transferred to/from forest, grassland, artificial surfaces and bare land, and transfer types in different regions have different characteristics: while large amount of cultivated land in China was converted to artificial surfaces, considerable forest was converted to cultivated land in Southeast Asia. The increase of multi-cropping index dominated the region except the Central and Eastern Europe, while the increase of fragmentation index was prevailing in the region except for a few South Asian countries. Our results indicate that the negative consequence of cultivated land loss in China might be underestimated by the domestic- focused studies, as none of its close neighbours experienced such obvious cultivated land losses. Nevertheless, the increased cultivated land area in Southeast Asia and the extensive cultivated land use in Ukraine and Russia imply that the regional food production would be greatly improved if China’ “Go Out policy” would help those countries to intensify their cultivated land use.     

东北地区农业结构转型时期土地利用变化的成因与效应

During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact, Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990,1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland,water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland.Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime.     

MapGIS数据与Surfer数据相互转换的实现

剖析了Surfer的数据文件和MapGIS的数据文件格式,提出了其相互转换的方法,并编制了转换软件.特别是指出MapGIS网格化的ASCⅡ码文件,即DET文件,可以通过简单的编辑形成通用的网格化GRD文件格式,不应当再进行网格化.提出利用Surfer勾绘特定的地球化学元素异常图,转成MapGIS修饰出版的实用制图程序.     

青藏高原夏季上空水汽含量演变特征及其与降水的关系(英文)

By using the observed monthly mean temperature and humidity datasets of 14 radiosonde stations and monthly mean precipitation data of 83 surface stations from 1979 to 2008 over the Tibetan Plateau(TP),the relationship between the atmospheric water vapor(WV) and precipitation in summer and the precipitation conversion efficiency(PEC) over the TP are analyzed.The results are obtained as follows.(1) The summer WV decreases with increasing altitude,with the largest value area observed in the northeastern part of the TP,and the second largest value area in the southeastern part of the TP,while the northwestern part is the lowest value area.The summer precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest.(2) The summer WV presents two main patterns based on the EOF analysis:the whole region consistent-type and the north-south opposite-type.The north-south opposite-type of the summer WV is similar to the first EOF mode of the summer precipitation and both of their zero lines are located to the north of the Tanggula Mountains.(3) The summer precipitation is more(less) in the southern(northern) TP in the years with the distribution of deficient summer WV in the north while abundant in the south,and vice versa.(4) The PEC over the TP is between 3% and 38% and it has significant spatial difference in summer,which is obviously bigger in the southern TP than that in the northern TP.     

干旱区水资源约束下的生态退耕空间优化及权衡分析——以奇台县为例

干旱区耕地大规模扩张导致水资源超载、生态问题频发,亟须退地还水.因此,探索水资源约束下的生态退耕空间优化方案,不仅有助于解决干旱区面临的问题,还可为土地利用规划和决策提供参考.目前对退耕方案多效益矛盾的研究尚量化不足,有鉴于此,本文建立生态退耕空间优化配置及权衡分析模型,以新疆奇台县为研究区进行模型应用,构建了水资源约...     

江西省耕地转移驱动机理

构建涵盖农业生产、耕地向建设用地转移和耕地向林/草地转移的江西省土地用途转移驱动机理模型,采用分段估计逐步增加解释变量的方法测度了人口、社会、经济、区位和自然因素等驱动土地用途转移的机理。研究表明,人口规模是江西省土地用途转移的重要驱动力,社会经济因素在短时间内起决定性作用,各种驱动力以各种方式组合来增强或者减弱其对区域土地用途转移的作用效果。其中,农业人口规模及生产投入要素是影响江西省农业生产的主要因素;人口规模、平原面积比例及土地管理政策是江西省耕地向建设用地转移过程的重要解释变量;农业人口比重、地形坡度、粮食产量及非农产业是江西省耕地向林/草地转移过程的重要影响因素,并揭示了解释了江西省在众多驱动力作用下土地用途转移规律。     

湖南省农业转化效率的地域差异研究

该文以湖南 10 1个县 (市、区 )为评价单元 ,从粮食单产、化肥生产力、劳动生产率、农业总产值增长率、农民人均收入、人均收入增长率、投入产出率、粮食增长率、粮食保证率等方面 ,研究了湖南农业转化效率的现状及区域差异 ,并进行了农业转化效率的优度排序、分类和分区。湖南农业转化效率水平不高 ,发展不平衡。长衡丘陵盆地区、洞庭湖平原区转化效率优于湘西、湘南山地区。从行政区划上看 ,农业转化效率较优的是湘潭市、株洲市、长沙市等 ,而湘西自治州、张家界市、怀化市等农业转化效率相对较低     

Fault proximity surveys in coal using guided seismic waves—Numerical modelling

Guided seismic waves are generated at lateral discontinuities in coal seams as an integral part of the mechanics of scattering downgoing body waves from a surface energy source.Numerical and laboratory model studies undertaken for both thin and thick coal seam waveguides show that small faults generate recognizable diffraction patterns by convertingP andS waves into channel wave arrivals at in-seam geophones on a walkawayVSP profile.These results suggest that in-seam geophones can be used during subsequent surface reflection surveys so as to improve mine profitability by optimising longwall layout in faulted ground.     

Recent advances in the research on seismo-electromagnetic emissions

The paper briefly reviews the recent advances and the main trend, as well as the major subjects for future study in the research on seismo-electromagnetic emissions. The preliminary results obtained show that the recently discovered electromagnetic emission phenomena prior to earthquake events are objective facts and may be prospective precursor applicable for short term earthquake prediction. Considering the complexity of the generation mechanisms, as well as the space coupling and the time variation processes of the seismo-electromagnetic emissions, we must deeply study the essential connection between the precursory emission phenomena and the seismogenic processes. Closely connect the field observations and theoretical research and try to comprehensively diagnose by correlating with other precursors. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 254–258, 1991.     

一种用于铀同位素比值α能谱分析的磷化膜制源新技术

研发了一种用于铀同位素比值α能谱分析的磷化膜制源新技术。试验发现,当镍镀片面积为3.14cm2,盐酸浓度为0.5mol/L,氯化钠浓度为2.5mol/L,磷酸二氢钾浓度为0.08mol/L,抗坏血酸浓度为20g/L,溶液体积为25 mL,恒温90℃,振荡速率为160次/min,振程20 mm时,磷化膜制源70min,200μg以下的铀可在镍箔上定量转化为磷化膜。与传统的电沉积制源技术相比较,应用磷化膜制源技术进行测量源制备时无需电沉积装置,制源过程简单快速,工效高,大量共存的232 Th、230 Th、226 Ra、231Pa等核素均不产生干扰,铀的全程回收率接近100%,α能谱峰分辨率较好。