Reliability analysis of strength of cement treated soils

The design strength of cement treated soils and its variability are influenced by various contributing factors such as inherent variability of the soft ground as well as variations in the quantities of the additives used for improvement. To consider these variations, geotechnical designs use the factor of safety approach. This paper shows that the reliability-based analysis enables a rational choice of a design strength value for the cement-stabilised soft soil, considering the variations in the influencing input parameters in an appropriate manner. An approach for identifying the important variables governing the strength behaviour of improved soft soils is also illustrated.     

河东煤田三交区块水文地质条件控气的正负耦合效应

煤层气的开采受多种地质因素的影响,不同区块的主控因素各不相同.山西河东煤田三交区块构造简单,煤岩渗透率和临储比相对其他区块较优,含气性良好,是煤层气开采的优势区块,但是区内不同气井产气量却相差很大.结合现场排采井采出水的水质分析实验与stiff图解法,综合分析各种地质因素,认为水文条件是该区块控气的主要因素,且水文地质控气存在着正负效应耦合的特殊性,合理分析水文地质特征是成功开采煤层气的关键所在.     

Testing and evaluation of strength and deformation behaviour of jointed rocks

The objective of the paper is to derive the strength and modulus properties of rockmass as a function of intact rock strength and joint factor. The joint factor reflects the combined effect of joint frequency, joint inclination and joint strength. A study for the strength and deformation characteristics of jointed rock is done by conducting standard laboratory tests on cylindrical specimens of plaster of Paris after introducing artificial joints. The specimens having one to four joints at different inclinations which vary from 0° to 90° were tested at different confining conditions. The test results were examined to understand the effect of joint frequency and joint inclination on the strength and deformation behaviour of rock mass. Empirical correlations were developed for prediction of the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of jointed rocks. Results are compared with the earlier work on jointed specimens covering a wide variety of rocks. So, knowing the intact rock properties and the joint factor, the jointed rock properties can be estimated. These relations can be used for developing an equivalent continuum model for rock mass for handling boundary value problems. A failure criterion as proposed by Ramamurthy (1993 Ramamurthy, T. 1993. “Strength and modulus response of anisotropic rocks”. In Comprehensive rock engineering, Edited by: Hudson, J.A. Vol. 1, 313–329. Oxford: Pergamon Press.  [Google Scholar]) has been validated from these experimental results.     

Effect of shape on holding capacity of plate anchors buried in soft soil

Plate anchor is one of the most common varieties of anchors used in the construction and maintenance work of various on-land and offshore structures. An accurate estimation of the uplift capacity of anchor foundations is necessary for an economical design as well as for the safety and stability of structures. This paper outlines the effect of shape of anchor plates on their breakout capacity, through a series of model tests. Both shallow and deep anchor behaviours were investigated under conditions developing suction force and without suction force. The results of these tests are presented in terms of load-displacement behaviour, variation of breakout factors (with and without suction force) with depth of embedment, the critical embedment depth of anchors and variation of suction force with embedment ratio. Further, the variations of breakout factor ratio with aspect ratio and embedment ratio are reported. Based on the experimental results and the model test results of other investigators an empirical relationship has been suggested to determine the shape factor and holding capacity of plate anchors buried in saturated cohesive soils.     

四川康定捧塔乡金平电站滑坡成因分析

2010年6月14日23：30左右,四川省甘孜州康定捧塔乡金平电站施工现场在无征兆情况下突发了山体滑坡,致使临时施工营地工棚被掩埋,共造成23人死亡,7人受伤。通过对滑坡形成的地质条件分析,认为滑坡形成的山体斜坡的地形坡度42°～45°是控制滑坡形成的临空条件;滑坡松散体是滑坡形成的物质基础,致使滑坡滑动的诱发因素是连续强降雨。建议在地质灾害频发区实行资格准入和监测预警制度,避免滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害发生时致人群死群伤事件的发生。     

高松山金矿床控矿因素及找矿模型

高松山金矿床位于伊春一延寿地槽褶皱系北段,是小兴安岭-张广才岭金及多金属成矿带中新发现的一个大型金矿床。文章从成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征等入手,分析了矿床的控矿因素,认为该矿床受地层、岩性、构造等因素控制;在综合研究的基础上,建立了高松山金矿综合找矿模型。     

深层砂泥岩储层继承性裂缝发育特征

西部挤压盆地内低渗性含油气砂泥岩储层构造运动期次多、埋藏深度大、泥质夹层多、高角度网状缝继承性发育,裂缝不仅是油气的有效运移通道,也是储层压裂开发效果的主要影响因素。选择西部天山山前某区块深层砂泥岩裂缝性气藏为研究区,以裂缝形成机制的探讨和研究为突破点,在岩心观察、CT层析成像扫描、成像测井解释的基础上,精细统计裂缝产状、开度、充填度,结合流体包裹体及古应力场划分裂缝发育期次,最后总结继承性裂缝的发育模式。研究结果表明,砂泥岩储层裂缝继承性缝的有利发育条件为多期次构造运动、低应力差、低逼近角度、适当泥质含量或低摩擦因数,岩性是内因,构造应力是外因。     

综合优势相似法在短期气候预测中的应用

综合优势相似法是建立在相似因子群的多项相似与动态相似基础之上的，因此更能反映大气天气过程的实际演变，其预测趋势可最接近天气气候实况。综合优势相似法中相似和不相似这两个预报时段的气象序列的对比分析和严格检验是不可缺少的一部分，只有相似和不相似两者呈显著差别，才能认定相似有效，以相当高的可信度保证了预报的客观性和可靠性。综合优势相似法操作简便，在2002年濮阳和2004年郑州汛期降水趋势预报中效果良好，可作为目前短期气候预测业务中的基本工具。     

新疆哈拉奇地区地球化学分区特征及地质意义

水系沉积物测量是勘查地球化学一种重要方法。随着勘查地球化学的深入发展,有关地球化学异常圈定的方法已成为人们关注的焦点。采用R型因子分析方法,对哈拉奇地区水系沉积物测量所取得的数据进行统计处理,提取了具有代表性的5种因子组合类型,同时以因子得分为综合指标,绘制了因子得分等值线图并制作了元素组合分区图。通过综合分析,地球化学分区图反映了不同地段中以相应的元素组合类型为主的地球化学异常及地质成因信息,同时与主要控矿因素的空间分布比较一致,为研究区地质找矿提供新方向。     

民用煤室内燃烧条件下多环芳烃的排放特征

民用燃煤是我国最大的室外和室内空气污染源.为了研究不同煤种在民用燃烧条件下多环芳烃(PAH)的排放特征,对5种成熟度不同的煤种(4种烟煤和1种无烟煤)以蜂窝煤形式燃烧产生的烟气进行采集,对其中24种PAHs进行定量分析,并与原煤的二氯甲烷(DCM)抽提物进行对比.结果表明,不同煤种的PAH排放因子差别显著,无烟煤的排放因子比烟煤低3个数量级,24种PAHs总和仅为184 μg/kg,烟煤则为136～408 mg/kg;原煤PAH抽提率的情况与之相似,无烟煤为4 mg/kg,烟煤为96～156 mg/kg.各种类型PAH(母体PAH、甲基PAH和含O/S-PAH)所占比例在不同煤种之间存在差异,但在烟气中和原煤抽提物的情况一致,说明民用燃煤前后PAH具有一定的继承性.通过4组毒性当量参数的比较,发现无烟煤燃烧烟气中的PAH毒性当量比原煤抽提物明显减少,而烟煤则表现为不同程度的增加.