泰勒展开近似 带连续性约束的L1范数方法用于多次波自适应相减(英文)

一次波L1范数最小化的多次波自适应相减方法,简称L1方法,是基于匹配滤波器设计的多次波自适应相减算法中的一种常用方法.当一次波和多次波混杂在一起时,L1方法有时会伤害一次波,导致一次波同相轴的连续性变差.本文利用预测误差滤波器度量一次波同相轴的连续性,在L1方法的皋础上,提出一种能够在压制多次波的同时,尽量保持一次波同相轴连续性的多次波自适戍相减算法,简称连续性约束L1方法.利用Pluto模犁数据进行多次波相减的结果表明,连续性约束L1方法能够在有效压制多次波的同时,更好地保护一次波.     

1970年以来美国地质调查局科研工作的发展与演化——基于论文计量分析

拥有130多年历史的美国地质调查局经久不衰,关键在于其时常将满足不断变化的国家与社会需求作为生存与发展之本。对GeoRef数据库收录的自1970年以来的科研论文的定量分析发现,美国地质调查局的科学研究在1990年左右发生了重大转折：论文产出数量摆脱长期低迷状态,开始大幅增长;形成完整学科体系,学科综合度保持稳定;科研工作从以资源研究为主的供给型地质学转向以环境研究为主的需求型地质学;基于学科持续度指标识别出9个重点学科,它们在1990年之后进入相对稳定的发展态势,未来水文地质学和环境地质学或许仍是重点所在。基于关键词的研究热点分析,结合重点学科的发展演化,可以发现其研究重心发生明显转移。     

Point-to-curve raytracing by algebraic rasterization

Boundary-value raytracing problems can be concatenated to a smooth one-parameter family of problems, that can be solved by continuation. This has been the purpose of point-to-curve raytracing. A global approach, based on algorithms taken from computer graphics (algebraic rasterization of implicit curves), has several advantages. Subject to relatively mild assumptions-Lipschitz continuity of the emergence point as function of initial parameters-all solution branches are found, there are no problems with initialization, bifurcation, or closed loop solutions. The algebraic rasterization benefits to boundary value raytracing problems in a wide range of applications: shot-to-profile shooting, VSP raytracing, normal raytracing, and more. The algorithm is sufficiently robust to continue even beyond points where the Lipschitz continuity does not apply, such as faults.     

实时交互的多分辨率地形模型

实现了一种基于视点的实时交互的多分辨率地形模型，在数据结构、空间连续性、时间连续性、视景体裁剪、扇形绘制和纹理映射等方面详细讨论了该模型实现的技术细节。试验表明，该算法简单、有效，大大加快了图形显示速度，并节约了内存空间。     

LAAS多参考站故障检测和排除方法

设计了LAAS（GPS局域增强系统）参考站故障检测和排除方法；推导了多参考站伪距改正数误差及限值的计算公式。在任意B值排除方法的基础上提出了最大B值排除方法，通过分析得到，该方法有较好的完善性和连续性性能。     

EFFECTS OF PHASE CONTINUITY ON RHEOLOGY OF TWO-PHASE ROCKS:A CONTINUUM MECHANICL MODEL

Based on continuum mechanics,we have developed a model for semi-quantitative estimating effects of phase continuity on flow strength of two-phase rocks including partially melted or crystallized rocks.Calculations of the bulk flow strength of composite rocks as functions of the volume fraction,geometrical shape and continuity of the constitutive phases involve in numerically solving two non-linear equations and thus are easy to be performed.The model has been justified by a good agreement between the predicted and measured results on diabase (64% clinopyroxene and 36% plagioclase) in the range of experimental temperatures and strain-rates.It is believed that the present model could provide an approximate estimate for the rheological evolution of magmatic rocks during their life cycle of melting-crystallization-deformation.     

Reply to “Water table variations in Atacama Desert alluvial fans”*

ABSTRACT

Viguier et al. propose an alternative conceptual model to the one presented by Scheihing to explain observed groundwater table variations at the foothills of the Andean piedmont in the Pampa del Tamarugal. It is demonstrated that the conceptual model of Viguier et al. is deficient. New findings underline that the confined aquifer of the Pampa del Tamarugal exhibits a hydraulic continuity over regional scales as proposed by Scheihing. Accordingly, short hydraulic response times of several months to distant recharge events can be confirmed. It is suggested that the investigated confined aquifer exhibits transient easterly boundary conditions, with easterly boundaries located in the Andean piedmont. These boundaries underly a periodic forcing due to occasional recharge. Several arguments are presented that support that alluvial fan channel recharge is in the investigated cases likely not a significant recharge mechanism (not to be confused with fan apex recharge).     

Aboriginal Memories of Inundation of the Australian Coast Dating from More than 7000 Years Ago

Stories belonging to Australian Aboriginal groups tell of a time when the former coastline of mainland Australia was inundated by rising sea level. Stories are presented from 21 locations from every part of this coastline. In most instances it is plausible to assume that these stories refer to events that occurred more than about 7000 years ago, the approximate time at which the sea level reached its present level around Australia. They therefore provide empirical corroboration of postglacial sea-level rise. For each of the 21 locations, the minimum water depth (below the present sea level) needed for the details of the particular group of local-area stories to be true is calculated. This is then compared with the sea-level envelope for Australia (Lewis et al., Quaternary Science Reviews 74, 2013), and maximum and minimum ages for the most recent time that these details could have been observed are calculated. This method of dating Aboriginal stories shows that they appear to have endured since 7250–13 070 cal years bp (5300–11 120 bc). The implications of this extraordinary longevity of oral traditions are discussed, including those aspects of Aboriginal culture that ensured effective transgenerational communication and the possibility that traditions of comparable antiquity may exist in similar cultures.     

Detailed 3-D depositional architecture of Late Jurassic carbonate–anhydrite cycles (Brightling Mine,Weald Basin,UK)

Quantifying the geometries of evaporite deposits at a <1 km scale is critical in our understanding of similar ancient depositional systems, but is challenging given evaporite mineral dissolution at surface conditions. A high-resolution stratigraphic study of the basal Purbeck Beds in Brightling Mine, UK, provides insight into the three-dimensional architecture, lateral continuity and vertical heterogeneity within an evaporite seal. We conducted a field mapping study, combined with X-ray diffraction, petrographic microscopy, and δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O isotope analysis. The stratigraphic interval contains five facies. In stratigraphic order, these include supratidal porphyritic nodular evaporite, shallow subtidal peloidal packstone with evaporite and two overlying rhythmic sequences of intertidal microbial laminite, subtidal shale, and subtidal laminar marl, capped by nodular anhydrite. The interpreted environment of deposition is a supratidal sabkha subject to periodic flooding in which intertidal (tidal flat) facies and subtidal (shallow marine) facies laterally passed into the evaporative sabkha. The cycles are interpreted as meter-scale shoaling-upward sequences, likely controlled by localized high-frequency changes in relative sea level and/or sabkha hydrology. Spatial patterns in the geometries of key stratigraphic surfaces reveal a subtle depression towards the central western region of the mine seam. The variation in stratal geometries is interpreted as paleotopography and is a function of individual or composite processes related to dissolution, eolian processes, and coastal erosion. These observations indicate a similar mode of deposition to the modern-day sabkha of the Persian Gulf. We conclude that the dynamic process of evaporite deposition led to subtle stratigraphic heterogeneities and changes in bed thicknesses, but largely continuous lateral bedding at an interwell-scale.