Congratulation for Our Deputy Editor-in-Chief Chunmiao Zheng Receiving Two Prestigious International Awards

正Dr.Chunmiao Zheng,a deputy editor-in-chief for Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),received the 2013 O.E.Meinzer Award from the Geological Society of America.Dr.Zheng was also awarded the 2013 M.King Hubbert Award by the National Ground Water Association in the United States."It is quite an achievement to receive both of these awards     

New Zealand fur seals at three Kings Islands (note)

Since 1967, New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) have been seen in winter on Three Kings Islands (34°10'S, 172°08'E) in increasing numbers, up to 80 in 1969. Approximately 130 were also seen on Motupia Island (34°37'S, 172°48'E) in 1969.     

考虑土体固结变形的污染物运移模型

土体的固结压缩变形对污染物的运移具有重要的影响,而目前国内关于污染物在变形多孔介质中运移规律的研究尚处于空白,在国外也是近几年才有人开始这方面的研究工作。在Biot固结理论和污染物运移理论相结合的基础上,提出了污染物在黏土防渗层中迁移转化的一维数学模型,该模型的最大特点是考虑了土体受力变形对污染物运移的影响,在合理简化的基础上给出了模型的解析解,并将计算结果与太湖疏浚污染底泥堆场的实测结果进行了比较分析,模拟计算的结果在一定程度上能够反映实际土层中污染物的运移情况。     

Aquifer heterogeneity: Hydrogeological and hydrochemical properties of the Botany Sands aquifer and their impact on contaminant transport

Detailed geological mapping and drilling has shown that the contact between the Cambrian volcano‐sedimentary sequence at Rosebery and the Mt Read Volcanics is formed by a major thrust fault dipping east at 40° and having a displacement of at least 1.5 km. The sedimentary sequence is part of the Dundas Group, a Middle to Late Cambrian forearc‐like sequence which unconformably overlaps the volcanics south of Rosebery. The Rosebery Thrust Fault marks the eastern boundary of a zone of folding, faulting and disruption which affects the Dundas Group and the tectonically interfingered and underlying basaltic greywacke‐mudstone sequence of the Crimson Creek Formation. At least some of this deformation occurred prior to deposition of the Ordovician Limestone, as evidenced by marked angular discordances. The complex area can be interpreted as a Cambrian accretionary prism‐forearc‐arc sequence developed above an east‐dipping subduction zone.

The Henty Fault System, which cuts obliquely through the Mt Read belt and encloses a misfit wedge of sediments, pillow lavas, gabbros and ultramafic rocks, is interpreted as a remnant of an inter‐arc basin. The fault system separates a dacitic‐andesitic arc segment to the northwest from a more rhyolitic segment to the southeast. The latter is overlain by a younger arc sequence, the Tyndall Group, which may have been the source for the Dundas Group volcanic detritus.     

三氯乙烯污染土壤和地下水污染源区的修复研究进展

作为现代工业中广泛使用的氯代溶剂,三氯乙烯（TCE）对土壤和地下水的普遍污染及其对人体健康的影响已经引起了人们的重视,关于其处理方法也受到人们的广泛关注。通过查阅国内外文献资料,对化学氧化、热修复及生物修复3种原位修复TCE污染的土壤和地下水污染源区的方法进行了总结,并在此基础上重点讨论了Fenton氧化、过硫酸盐氧化、蒸汽强化提取法及电阻加热法等原位修复方法     

Influence of the environmental behavior and ecological effect of cropland heavy metal contaminants by CO2 enrichment in atmosphere

Recently, the impacts of increasing atmospheric CO2 level on the terrestrial ecological system have been intensively studied. The higher the CO2 concentration, the higher the risk of destabilizing vulnerable carbon pool on ecological safety. Metabolism, biomass, activity, and diversity of microbial communities in soils can be significantly altered by the CO2 enrichment. For instance, it may accelerate carbonate weathering, vary the rhizospheric exudation, and enhance the amount of available C from the upper soil layer. However, how the CO2 enrichment would influence food safety such as species transformation and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils is remained unanswered. The bioavailability of heavy metals is strongly affected by bio-factors in addition to the physiochemical conditions of soils. Different physiological mechanisms and states control plant uptake of heavy metals. The enrichment of CO2 influences physiological functionalities of plants, and in turn, is expected to have impacts on the bioaccumulation of pollutants and the stress adjustment system of plants. Currently, in China soil is heavily polluted, in most cases, combined by organic pollutants and heavy metals. Studies of the environmental behavior and ecological effect of Cu in soil under elevated CO2 levels were conducted in China FACE （Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment） from June to October 2005 using pot experiments. Results showed that the accumulation of Cu and Cd in leaves, stems, roots, and grains of rice growing in Cu contaminated soils was significantly lowered, indicating that the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils decreases with increasing CO2 concentration.     

大武水源地地下水生物降解烃污染物的机理

近几年的环境调查研究表明,山东省淄博市大武地下水水源地上游邻近石化厂区出现严重的地下管道石油污染物持续泄漏的现象。堠皋—柳杭地段地下水环境在成为集中污染区的同时,水化学环境也发生了迥然的变化：地下水中电子接受体溶解氧、ＮＯ－３几乎未检出,ＳＯ４２－呈低值分布。这是因为地下水中存在微生物降解烃污染物的作用所致,其作用机理包括需氧降解、脱硝降解、脱硫降解以及有Ｆｅ３＋参与的降解作用。然而由于该地段需氧降解、脱硝降解难以持续自行进行,导致生物降解污染物的速度降低。进一步研究生物降解速度,以提高地下水中电子接受体的浓度,增强微生物的活性,将有利于治理方案的制订与实施。     

Coupling Interactions between Electrokinetics and Bioremediation for Pyrene Removal from Soil under Polarity Reversal Conditions

This paper investigates the hybrid technology of electrokinetics (EK) coupled with bioremediation (Bio) in the removal of pyrene (PYR) in a soil matrix. Five different treatments were conducted to investigate the coupling interactions between EK and Bio on PYR degradation. A simulated removal curve was obtained by combining the degradation curves in EK‐ and Bio‐only experiments. The results show that the simulated curve fitted well with the actual degradation curve in electro‐bioremediation (EK‐Bio) experiments for the first 30 days of the experiment, while at later stages a discrepancy was found. This discrepancy was caused by adverse effects of low soil pH (3.6) near the anode on bacteria health during EK treatments. With polarity reversal (PR) to control the soil pH, the simulated curve fitted very well (r > 0.99) with the actual degradation curve during the whole treatment period. At the end of the experiment, PYR removal amounted to 63% with EK‐Bio treatments in PR electric fields, which was 1.7 times that of Bio‐only. Moreover, the bacteria counts under electric fields were more than that without EK. The spatial distributions of PYR degradation and bacterial counts were also investigated. The results show that they were both higher nearer the electrodes under PR electric fields.     

Degradation of petroleum contaminants in oil

The treatment of diesel-contaminated soil with hydrogen peroxide oxidation is investigated in this paper. The factors influencing reactions such as initial oil content, H2O2 dosage, pH-value, catalyst and so on are studied. The results indicate that it is feasible to remediate diesel-contaminated soil by adding oxidant directly at room temperature because of higher absolute removal content although the degradation efficiency is low for the contaminated soil of 1%, 2% and 5% initial oil content. The more the H2O2 dosage, the better the degradation efficiency; it is economical and efficient to add 4 mL H2O2 to 10 g diesel-contaminated soil （2% or so） directly in-situ chemical oxidation （ICO）. For the contaminated soil of 5% initial oil content, when pH-value is 5-8 and H202 dosage is 20 mL, the removal efficiency reaches more than 96%; when pH-value is 1-3 and volume ratios of H2O2 to Fe^2＋ are 1 ： 1, 2：2, the degradation efficiencies are all very high （i.e., 86%-88% or so）. It can be concluded that the degradation efficiencies are comparative when adding 1 mL or 2 mL H2O2 of Fenton Reagent or adding 4 mL of H2O2 only to 10 g diesel-contaminated soil.     

挥发性有机物污染泥浆固化稳定化试验研究

针对有机污染场地修复施工过程中出现的冒浆现象,选取2种典型有机污染泥浆,通过多组室内试验,对比分析了4种固化剂的固化稳定效果。结果表明：4种固化剂均有较好的减水效果,典型泥浆I的含水率28 d降幅可达45%,而典型泥浆II的28 d减水效果以固化剂A（5%水泥）最优,其含水率降幅为37%;固化土样孔隙水电导率EC随龄期先升高后降低,其峰值出现在3 d或7 d;固化土样pH值总体随龄期而增大,且典型泥浆II的pH值明显高于典型泥浆I;泥浆固化后qu值随龄期发展而快速增长,且典型泥浆I强度远高于典型泥浆II,并以固化剂A、C固化增强效果最佳,28 d时固化剂C固化的典型泥浆I、II的qu值分别达到233、48 kPa;添加固化剂尤其是含凹凸棒土的固化剂B、D能有效降低有机污染物的浸出,其28 d龄期对典型泥浆I、II的稳定率超过81%。固化泥浆EC、pH值与qu值关系具有明显规律,可反映其强度生长状况。