建筑变形测量成果质量检验问题分析

近几年,全国开展了多次变形测量成果质量检验工作且效果显著.本文首先简要介绍了全国建筑变形测量成果质量检验工作相关内容,其次结合全国33个建筑变形测量成果受检项目中出现的较严重的质量问题,从成果类型、质量元素、典型问题3个方面对成果质量情况进行分析,最后根据分析结论与检验情况为建筑变形测量成果在生产中的质量控制及质量检验...     

Impact of different sampling rates on precise point positioning performance using online processing service

In this study, the effect of different sampling rates (i.e. observation recording interval) on the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions in terms of accurac...     

A bottom-up approach to segment individual deciduous trees using leaf-off lidar point cloud data

Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) can generate three-dimensional (3D) point cloud which can be used to characterize horizontal and vertical forest structure, so it has become a popular tool for forest research. Recently, various methods based on top-down scheme have been developed to segment individual tree from lidar data. Some of these methods, such as the one developed by Li et al. (2012), can obtain the accuracy up to 90% when applied in coniferous forests. However, the accuracy will decrease when they are applied in deciduous forest because the interlacing tree branches can increase the difficulty to determine the tree top. In order to solve challenges of the tree segmentation in deciduous forests, we develop a new bottom-up method based on the intensity and 3D structure of leaf-off lidar point cloud data in this study. We applied our algorithm to segment trees in a forest at the Shavers Creek Watershed in Pennsylvania. Three indices were used to assess the accuracy of our method: recall, precision and F-score. The results show that the algorithm can detect 84% of the tree (recall), 97% of the segmented trees are correct (precision) and the overall F-score is 90%. The result implies that our method has good potential for segmenting individual trees in deciduous broadleaf forest.     

Microsatellite Variation in the Oyster Crassostreaplicatula Along the Coast of China

Genetic diversity and differentiation of the oyster Crassostreaplicatula populations from China's coast were studied basedon seven microsatellite loci.All loci showed high polymorphism for all five C.plicatula populations,with an average number of alleleper locus of 19.3-27.9 and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.889-0.952.Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilib-rium and deficits of heterozygotes were observed over most populations at each locus,which were fully explained by null alleles.Microsatellite analysis revealed significant subdivision in the C.plicatula populations.According to the neighbor-joining tree con-structed on the basis of the D,A distance,the five populations fell into three regional groups,showing a relatively homogeneous geneticstructure in geographically close populations.Assignation tests correctly assigned high percentages of individuals to their originalpopulations and groups,and also confirmed the existence of genetic differentiation among C.plicatula populations.The results ob-tained in this study will facilitate the formulation of appropriate fisheries management programs,stock identification and conservationof biodiversity for the species.     

重力场数学拟合模型解的影响因素探究

为了提高地球重力场模型不适定方程求解的精度,该文采用谱分析方法从级数展开阶数、数据采样率及数据缺失量3个方面探索影响数学拟合效果的根本因素:从常用的三角级数及勒让德级数模型出发,引出重力场拟合模型球谐函数模型,观察在改变级数展开阶数、数据采样率及数据缺失量等情况下所对应设计矩阵谱结构的变化,并从微观上研究影响误差分配的有关因素及最小奇异值对误差的决定性作用,为探求重力场模型解不准的原因及实现更高精度的全球重力场模型的建立提供参考。     

Tessellations in GIS: Part II–making changes

Abstract

We attempt to describe the role of tessellated models of space within the discipline of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) – a speciality coming largely out of Geography and Land Surveying, where there was a strong need to represent information about the land’s surface within a computer system rather than on the original paper maps. We look at some of the basic operations in GIS, including dynamic and kinetic applications. We examine issues of topology and data structures, and produced a tessellation model that may be widely applied both to traditional “object” and “field” data types. The Part I of this study examined object and field spatial models, the Voronoi extension of objects, and the graphs that express the resulting adjacencies. The required data structures were also briefly described, along with 2D and 3D structures and hierarchical indexing. The importance of graph duality was emphasized. Here, this second paper builds on the structures described in the first, and examines how these may be modified: change may often be associated with either viewpoint or time. Incremental algorithms permit additional point insertion, and applications involving the addition of skeleton points, for map scanning, contour enrichment or watershed delineation and simulation. Dynamic algorithms permit skeleton smoothing, and higher order Voronoi diagram applications, including Sibson interpolation. Kinetic algorithms allow collision detection applications, free-Lagrange flow modeling, and pen movement simulation for map drawing. If desired these methods may be extended to 3D. Based on this framework, it can be argued that tessellation models are fundamental to our understanding and processing of geographical space, and provide a coherent framework for understanding the “space” in which we exist.     

基于时空大数据的粤港澳大湾区城镇群结构研究

粤港澳大湾区是中国重点建设的战略区域,其协同结构的有效认知是打造世界级湾区的核心研究内容.作为一种重要的城镇群发展模式,大湾区内部具有复杂的城镇协同关系,这一关系充分体现在城镇间的人群流动特性上,而跨城职住迁徙是区域人口流动的一种直观、稳定的表现,基于高精度跨城职住迁徙数据开展湾区协同结构的认知意义显著.文章在总结归纳...     

ICESat-2植被冠层高度和地表高程数据产品用于森林高度提取的效果评价

由美国宇航局(NASA)研制的新一代冰、云和陆地高程卫星(ICESat-2)于2018-09-15发射成功,其搭载的先进地形激光测高系统(ATLAS)采用微脉冲多波束光子计数激光雷达技术,可用于全球高程线采样数据的获取.目前公开发布了9种数据产品,其中包括植被冠层高度和地表高程数据产品(ATL08),为全球森林结构参数...     

基于Web的3维数字社区建设方法与应用研究

提出了一种基于Web的3维数字社区建设方案与技术路线,对3维数据社区关键技术进行了研究,并结合具体应用。本文提出的数字社区平台建设思想,结合了Web计算机技术与3维地理信息系统技术,以期对数字社区平台建设提供有益借鉴。