Automatic Interpretation of Magnetic Data Using Euler Deconvolution with Nonlinear Background

The voluminous gravity and magnetic data sets demand automatic interpretation techniques like Naudy, Euler and Werner deconvolution. Of these techniques, the Euler deconvolution has become a popular choice because the method assumes no particular geological model. However, the conventional approach to solving Euler equation requires tentative values of the structural index preventing it from being fully automatic and assumes a constant background that can be easily violated if the singular points are close to each other. We propose a possible solution to these problems by simultaneously estimating the source location, depth and structural index assuming nonlinear background. The Euler equation is solved in a nonlinear fashion using the optimization technique like conjugate gradient. This technique is applied to a published synthetic data set where the magnetic anomalies were modeled for a complex assemblage of simple magnetic bodies. The results for close by singular points are superior to those obtained by assuming linear background. We also applied the technique to a magnetic data set collected along the western continental margin of India. The results are in agreement with the regional magnetic interpretation and the bathymetric expressions.     

南极洲低层两种位势高度再分析资料的比较

比较NCEP/NCAR和ECMWF两种再分析资料南半球低层等压面(700 hPa及以下)的平均位势高度场,结果表明:两者在南极洲差异显著,除12月、1月(南半球夏季)外,NCEP/NCAR资料存在一个虚假的很强的极地高压,而ECMWF资料正常。分析表明该两种再分析资料的上述差异来源于南极洲地面以下虚拟气压场的产生过程;NCEP/NCAR资料较ECMWF少了一个对南极洲过低地面温度的修正。由此得到的NCEP/NCAR资料若用于南半球低层大气环流整体结构的分析,会导致严重的错误。     

京津冀地区地磁场球冠谐分析

2002年在京津冀地区进行了45个测点的地磁三分量测量,对测量资料进行通化处理,通化时间为2002年5月5日16～18时（世界时）. 通化后的观测均方差分别优于1.5nT（地磁场总强度F）,0.5′(磁偏角D和磁倾角I). 将国际参考地磁场（IGRF2000）作为地磁正常场,建立了京津冀地区地磁异常场的球冠谐模型（BTHASCH）. 球冠极的空间位置坐标为39.5°N和117.0°E,球冠半角为4°. 在模型计算过程中,球冠谐函数的截断阶数分别取为1～10. 经综合比较, 最终采用的截断阶数为5. 建立了京津冀地区参考地磁场的球冠谐模型（BTHGRF）.根据模型,绘制了京津冀地区地磁异常场图(ΔX、ΔY、ΔZ、ΔF、ΔD、ΔI)和京津冀地区地磁图(X、Y、Z、F、D、I).     

Numerical flow and performance analysis of a water-jet axial flow pump

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the performance and three-dimensional flow fields in a water-jet pump. TASCflow is employed to simulate the rotator-stator coupling flow field. A standard k-ε turbulence model combined with standard wall functions is used. In order to investigate the effect of a rear stator on flow fields, the flows in two water-jet pumps with and without a rear stator are studied. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-predicted overall performances are in good agreement with the experimental results. Then the flow fields, such as the pressure distribution on the blade surfaces, and the axial and tangential velocity distribution, especially the radial loading distribution, are investigated at different flow rates. In addition, the effects of a rear stator and different spacings between the rotor and the stator on the overall performance and the flow fields of the water-jet pump are also investigated.     

石油地质勘探智能化信息支撑框架设计

石油勘探是高风险行业,勘探地质研究业务需要复杂的逻辑思维,也需要创新性的抽象思维。“智慧油田”和“智能勘探”理论体系的提出,顺应了油气勘探的智能、快速和高效的需求。通过剖析油气勘探的信息支撑框架设计,提出了未来智能化勘探的4层设计概念,形成了层次之间的衔接和沟通的关键技术,并针对此理论体系探索了石油行业中石油地质勘探智能化信息框架实施策略。     

Experimental study on strain field evolution around a simulated thrust fault

Earthquakes result from continuous geodynamic processes. A topic of significant interest for the scientific community is to elaborate on the phenomena governing the faulting and fracturing of crustal rocks. Therefore, in this study, uniaxial compressive shear failure experiments were conducted on Fangshan marble rock samples with a prefabricated slot to simulate thrust faulting. The center of each marble plate (105 mm × 80 mm × 5 mm) was engraved with a 30-mm long double-sided nonpenetrating slot (depth: 2 mm, width: 0.5 mm). The deformation and destruction processes of the rock surface were recorded using a high-speed camera. The digital image correlation method was used to calculate the displacement and strain distribution and variation at different loading stages. The accumulative and incremental displacement fields u and v , strain field e_x and e_y, and shear strain e_xy were analyzed. When the loading level reached its ultimate value, the strain field was concentrated around the prefabricated slot. The concentration reached a maximum at the ends of the prefabricated slot. The magnitude of shear strain reached 0.1. This experiment contributes to our understanding of the dynamic process of active faulting.     

湖南城步地区重力异常的初步研究

介绍了城步地区重力异常数据处理的几种方法,分析了重力异常及其位场转换后的特征,对重力异常进行了初步解释推断.根据重力异常特征,推断了10条断裂,圈定了兰蓉-谭家坳-照面山、黄坪、洞背和扛口等4处半隐伏岩体;结合地质地球化学综合信息,提出了4处找矿有利地段.通过半定量反演,认为:湖南省内苗儿山岩体与越城岭岩体以及五团岩体与苗儿山岩体在深部不相连.     

空-谱融合的条件随机场高光谱影像分类方法

高光谱遥感数据具有光谱信息丰富、图谱合一的特点,目前已经广泛地应用在对地观测中。传统的高光谱分类模型大多过分依赖影像光谱信息,没有充分利用空间特征信息,这使得分类精度还有很大的提升空间。条件随机场是一种概率模型,能够较好地融合空间上下文信息,在高光谱影像分类中已经得到越来越多的关注,但大部分条件随机场模型存在超平滑的现象,会导致影像细节丢失。针对该问题,本文提出了一种优化融合影像空-谱信息的高分辨率/高光谱影像分类方法,该方法将影像的纹理信息与原始光谱信息进行融合,利用SVM分类器对其进行预分类,并将各类概率定义为一元势函数,以融合空间特征信息;然后将空间平滑项和局部类别标签成本项加入二元势函数中,以考虑空间背景信息,并保留各类别中的详细信息。最后,通过两组的高分辨率/高光谱影像数据进行试验。结果表明,与SVM算法、传统的条件随机场方法和面向对象的分类方法相比,本文提出的算法在整体分类精度上分别提高了10%、9%和8%以上,同时在保持地物边缘完整性、避免“同谱异物”与“同物异谱”的现象方面有较明显的优势。     

新疆北山金窝子金矿田断裂构造控矿作用及控矿构造格架

金窝子金矿田位于新甘交界的哈密地区,是北山地区最为重要的金矿田之一,其大地构造背景处于哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔板块与塔里木板块交汇部位东北缘的北山裂谷;断裂构造是矿田内最为重要的控矿因素.文章对矿田内主要的控矿断裂构造特征和断裂构造控矿规律特征进行了研究,F210韧脆性剪切断裂带为矿田内的主干断裂,该断裂的逆冲破碎带为210金矿床的直接控矿构造,控制了蚀变岩型金矿化的发育,由逆冲剪切产生的叠瓦式逆断层不含矿,而近SN向缓倾斜构造控制了210金矿床石英脉型矿化的发育:由F210韧脆性剪切断裂逆冲作用在金窝子岩体内形成的近SN向高角度追踪张性断裂控制了金窝子金矿床石英脉型矿体的形态、产状及成矿元素的分布;在对构造控矿作用研究的基础上,建立了矿区的控矿构造格架.     

人工神经网络在岩体初始应力场反演中的应用

岩土工程问题的有限元分析一般需要考虑初始地应力场，而可供工程应用的初始应力值，主要靠少数实测资料。根据少数测点值，采用人工神经网络与有限元相结合的方法求解岩体初始应力场。通过算例说明：文中所提方法是合理的。