中国化工产业布局演变与影响机理研究

基于2003—2013年的企业数据,研究了中国化工产业及其行业空间布局演化、影响因素及机理。结果表明：① 化工企业呈现沿海?陇海线?沿长江的“π”字型分布格局,集中在长三角、珠三角、环渤海、长株潭等4个热点区,天津?淄博、上海?南京、广州?茂名等化工集聚区的双核结构凸显,布局演变呈分散化趋势;② 整体上高污染、低附加值的基础化工行业由沿海地区向中西部地区转移,反之相对精细高端的行业集中在沿海地区或在沿海地区内部转移;③ 整体上港口条件、市场需求、地理区位、环境规制的影响贡献呈现下降趋势,而资源条件、外商投资、科技投入等要素的贡献上升,不同行业影响程度和趋势存在差异。     

斑尾复鰕虎鱼群体的形态学比较

对采自丹东、大连、东营、青岛、赣榆、舟山、厦门7个斑尾复鰕虎鱼群体的可量性状和可数性状进行了主成分分析、聚类分析、判别分析和单因子方差分析.主成分分析和聚类分析结果显示东营和赣榆群体为一组,而其它群体为另一组.2组差异极为显著.主成分分析构建了4个主成分,其贡献率分别为41.30%,8.92%,8.08%和7.31%,累计贡献率为65.60%.第一主成分主要受尾柄长/尾柄高、体高/体长、头长/体长和吻至背鳍起点/体长的影响.判别分析也可将两组群体分开,东营和赣榆组与另一组没有误判,对于样本所属海域的判别,其中东营为100%,最低为青岛群体66.7%,综合判别率为85.5%;选取贡献较大的14个特征值建立判别公式,利用判别公式计算各群体的差别准确率为62.1%～100%.对形态特征参数进行单因子方差分析,计算差异系数,根据Mayr等提出的75%规则,认为两组群体已达到亚种水平,而两组群体内的形态差异为种内不同群体间的差异.     

4 种重金属离子对中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)稚鳖的急性致毒效应

以5日龄中华鳖稚鳖为实验动物,采用静水停食实验法,在水温(27.4±1.3)℃条件下,开展了Hg2+、Cr6+、Cu2+、Zn2+对中华鳖稚鳖的急性毒性和加和等毒性强度联合毒性试验。结果表明,4种重金属离子对中华鳖稚鳖均呈现以蓄积为主导的急性毒发效应,Cr6+、Zn2+对中华鳖稚鳖的急性致毒高峰期明显滞后于Hg2+、Cu2+;4种重金属离子毒性大小依次为Hg2+、Cu2+、Cr6+、Zn2+,其对中华鳖稚鳖96h的半致死质量浓度分别为5.98、16.42、28.90和91.88mg/L;所构建的中华鳖稚鳖累积死亡概率与重金属质量浓度和实验时间之间的数学模型,以及半致死时间-质量浓度回归方程,可作为侦查和分析重金属离子排放时间和致中华鳖稚鳖大量死亡时间的重要计算工具;Hg2+、Cr6+、Cu2+、Zn2+离子两两组合在加和等毒性强度下对中华鳖稚鳖96h联合急性毒性所呈现的致毒特征与离子种类及其毒性强度匹配情形密切相关。     

南海-西北太平洋季风槽中热带气旋群发的研究Ⅱ.影响机制研究

应用1979-2005年西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)资料和OLR,NCEP/DOE AMIP-Ⅱ再分析逐日资料,探讨南海-西北太平洋季风槽中TC(简称MTTC)群发的可能机理,得到以下几点结论:(1)5～10月季风槽强度及形态与索马里越赤道气流的强弱、副高的位置以及南半球澳洲冬季风的强弱密切相关,不同区域季风槽强度增强都...     

老168平台海油陆采丛式井组关键钻井工艺

老168平台丛式井组是2009年中石化及胜利油田的重点产能建设项目之一,平台上共部署58口海油陆采定向井。该丛式井组的施工主要有以下难点：井网密集,防碰工作量大;造斜点浅、井斜大、造斜困难;位移大、裸眼稳斜段长,稳斜难度大;钻井液技术必须考虑环境保护问题,可借鉴经验非常少。因此钻井施工难度极大,通过实施优化井场布局及井眼轨道技术、大井眼松软浅地层定向技术、高精度轨迹控制技术、大位移井安全钻进技术,优质无污染海水钻井液技术,最终实现了老168钻完井一体化作业,节约了成本,提高了效率,为今后胜利油田丛式井组施工提供了宝贵经验。     

"有序样品的Fisher聚类"对中华绒螯蟹渔获物的分析

为探讨河蟹生长特点以及渔获物与放养规格的关系，用有序样品的Fish聚类分析法首次对中华绒螯蟹的渔获物组成进行分析。结果显示，黄河三角洲广南水库沉砂池2000年河蟹渔获物可以分为3个群体，与其放养的3个不同规格群体相对应；据此推算了不同放养规格的回捕率；并对雌、雄生长和性成熟的差异以及合理的放养规格进行了探讨。     

Automatic Sounding Generalization in Nautical Chart Considering Bathymetry Complexity Variations

Sounding acts as the main feature in a digital nautical chart as it describes the concerned marine topography for the safety of navigation. Unlike the geometry-oriented selection of point feature, the generalization of soundings for chart compiling is expected to be context-oriented, which means bathymetry complexity variations across the study region should be preserved in the sounding selection process. However, such variations are not explicitly accessible to automated systems. This paper proposes an approach that effectively analyzes and measures bathymetry complexity from sounding data, with a focus on topography variations among different regions. The presented approach first divides the exploring region into several subregions, by adopting techniques of computational geometry and graph theory. Then, the approach quantitatively measures the bathymetry complexity of the subregions from grid-based digital terrain model. Finally, a composite bathymetry complexity index integrating aspects of steepness and depth variation is developed to guide the operation of sounding selection in different subregions. Generally, when seafloor is rugged with steep slopes, the number of soundings is high. While in flatter areas, a smaller amount of soundings is retained. The potential of our approach is demonstrated by an application to a real data set.     

2016年秋季热带西太平洋网采浮游植物群落结构

作者于2016年9月27日～10月25日对热带西太平洋(0°～20°N, 120°～130°E)10个站位的网采浮游植物群落结构进行了采样调查。应用Uterm?hl方法对调查海域浮游植物的物种组成、细胞丰度、优势物种以及群落多样性等相关生态特征进行了分析。希望为热带西太平洋提供一些基础的背景资料,为以后的研究奠定基础。结果表明, 鉴定出浮游植物共计4门、66属、243种(包括变种、变型), 含硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)34属、103种, 甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)28属、133种, 金藻门(Chrysophyta)2属、4种,蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)2属、3种。浮游植物细胞丰度1 965.573×10³ 细胞/m³ , 其中蓝藻的细胞丰度为1 945.169×10³ 细胞/m³ , 决定了浮游植物的分布格局, 占总细胞丰度的98.96%, 高值区分布在0°N130°E-10°N130°E的4个站位(E130-13、E130-15、E130-17、E130-19); 硅藻丰度在20°N断面N20-4站位存在高值区; 甲藻丰度在130°E断面的3个站位(E130-10、E130-13、E130-15)存在高值区。本次调查的优势种依次为铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebaultii)、扁形原甲藻(Prorocentrum compressum)、扁豆原甲藻(Prorocentrum leniculatum)、胞内植生藻(Richelia intracellularis)、菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)、细弱海链藻(Thalassiosira subtilis)、具边线形圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus marginato-lineatus)、科氏角藻(Ceratium kofoidii)、鲁比膝沟藻(Gonyaulax lurbynaii)、中华半管藻(Hemiaulus sinensis)、霍氏半管藻(Hemiaulus hauckii)、小等刺硅鞭藻(Dictyocha fibula)。Shannon-Weiner多样性指数的均值为2.440,Pielou 均匀度指数的均值为0.163。相关分析结果显示浮游植物空间分布主要受PO₄-P、NH₄-N的影响,且由蓝藻的相关性决定的。聚类分析得出群落结构分为大洋群聚和近岸群聚两种类型(其中大洋群聚的站位又划分为0°～10°N纬度范围聚集和10°～20°N纬度范围聚集)。     

Unconventional geometric phase gate and multiqubit entanglement for hot ions with a frequency-modulated field

We present an alternative scheme for implementing the unconventional geometric two-qubit phase gate and preparing multiqubit entanglement by using a frequency-modulated laser field to simultaneously illuminate all ions. Selecting the index of modulation yields selective mechanisms for coupling and decoupling between the internal and the external states of the ions. By the selective mechanisms, we obtain the unconventional geometric two-qubit phase gate, multiparticle Greenberger--Horne--Zeilinger states and highly entangled cluster states. Our scheme is insensitive to the thermal motion of the ions.     

Influence of core property on multi-electron process in slow collisions of isocharged sequence ions with neon

Influence of core property on multi-electron process in the collisions of q=6-9 and 11 isocharged sequence ions with Ne is investigated in the keV/u region. The cross-section ratios of double-, triple-, quadruple- and total multi-electron processes to the single electron capture process as well as the partial ratios of different reaction channels to the relevant multi-electron process are measured by using position-sensitive and time-of-flight techniques. The experimental data are compared with the theoretical predictions including the extended classical over-barrier model, the molecular Columbic barrier model and the semi-empirical scaling law. Results show a core effect on multi-electron process of isocharge ions colliding with Neon, which is consistent with the results of Helium we obtained previously.