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221.
在某些地球化学环境中,微生物对水─岩相互作用有重要影响。本文通过氧化亚铁硫杆菌与硫化物相互作用试验,初步研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌作用引起水─岩介质变化特征,分析了氧化亚铁硫杆菌水文地球化学作用的一些规律。 相似文献
222.
Application of an optimum design technique for determining the coefficient of consolidation by using piezocone test data 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
For normally consolidated clay, several researchers have developed a number of theoretical time factors to determine the coefficient of consolidation from piezocone test results. However, depending on assumptions and analytical techniques, it could vary considerably, even for a specific degree of consolidation. In this paper a method is proposed to determine a consistent coefficient of consolidation by applying the concept of an optimum design technique over all ranges of the degree of consolidation. Initial excess pore pressure distribution is assumed to be capable of being obtained by the successive spherical cavity expansion theory. The dissipation of pore pressure is simulated by means of a two-dimensional linear-uncoupled axi-symmetric consolidation analysis. The minimization of differences between measured and predicted excess pore pressure was carried out by the BFGS unconstrained optimum design algorithm with a one-dimensional golden section search technique. By analyzing numerical examples and in-situ test results, it was found that the adopted optimum design technique gives consistent and convergent results. 相似文献
223.
导水裂隙带高度预测途径探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
导水裂隙带高度是设计防水煤(岩)柱尺寸的主要技术参数,是煤矿防治水工作的重要内容。详细论述了其研究现状及发展趋势,并提出了履岩体地质环境,履岩体力学环境和数值模拟技术三位一体的综合预测评价方法。 相似文献
224.
Effects of geology and human activity on the dynamics of salt-water intrusion in three coastal aquifers in southern Spain 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Mathematical modelling of salt-water intrusion processes in three aquifers on the southern coast of Spain (Río Verde, Río
Vélez and Castell de Ferro) reveals that, although all three systems are subject to the same climate and seasonal over-exploitation,
geological and human factors have very different effects on the dynamics of contamination. In the Río Verde aquifer, the most
important influence is the high volume of extractions occurring during the dry season; in Río Vélez, the intrusion is strongly
controlled by infiltration of water from the river to the aquifer, and, in the Castell de Ferro system, an intensely karstified
carbonate massif lying in contact with both the sea water and the detrital aquifer represents the main entrance point for
influx of sea water and subsequent washing of the aquifer. We have undertaken a mathematical simulation of various possible
measures to counteract intrusion, according to the specific characteristics of the process in each aquifer. These measures
include artificial recharge, use of natural recharge from the river as a hydraulic barrier, and the construction of a low-permeability
barrier.
Received: 5 December 1995 · Accepted: 12 April 1996 相似文献
225.
226.
Nils-Otto Kitterrød Lars Gottschalk 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1997,11(6):459-482
Simulation of multigaussian stochastic fields can be made after a Karhunen-Loéve expansion of a given covariance function.
This method is also called simulation by Empirical Orthogonal Functions. The simulations are made by drawing stochastic coefficients
from a random generator. These numbers are multiplied with eigenfunctions and eigenvalues derived from the predefined covariance
model. The number of eigenfunctions necessary to reproduce the stochastic process within a predefined variance error, turns
out to be a cardinal question. Some ordinary analytical covariance functions are used to evaluate how quickly the series of
eigenfunctions can be truncated. This analysis demonstrates extremely quick convergence to 99.5% of total variance for the
2nd order exponential (‘gaussian’) covariance function, while the opposite is true for the 1st order exponential covariance
function. Due to these convergence characteristics, the Karhunen-Loéve method is most suitable for simulating smooth fields
with ‘gaussian’ shaped covariance functions. Practical applications of Karhunen-Loéve simulations can be improved by spatial
interpolation of the eigenfunctions. In this paper, we suggest interpolation by kriging and limits for reproduction of the
predefined covariance functions are evaluated. 相似文献
227.
Federico Murrone Fabio Rossi Pierluigi Claps 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1997,11(6):483-510
A conceptual-stochastic approach to short time runoff data modelling is proposed, according to the aim of reproducing the
hydrological aspects of the streamflow process and of preserving as much as possible the dynamics of the process itself. This
latter task implies preservation of streamflow characteristics at higher scales of aggregation and, within a conceptual framework,
involves compatibility with models proposed for the runoff process at those scales. At a daily time scale the watershed response
to the effective rainfall is considered as deriving from the response of three linear reservoirs, respectively representing
contributions to streamflows of large deep aquifers, with over-year response lag, of aquifers which run dry by the end of
the dry season and of subsurface runoff. The surface runoff component is regarded as an uncorrelated point process. Considering
the occurrences of effective rainfall events as generated by an independent Poisson process, the output of the linear system
represents a conceptually-based multiple shot noise process. Model identification and parameter estimation are supported by
information related to the aggregated runoff process, in agreement to the conceptual framework proposed, and this allows parameter
parsimony, efficient estimation and effectiveness of the streamflow reproduction. Good performances emerged from the model
application and testing made with reference to some daily runoff series from Italian basins. 相似文献
228.
Simulation of multigaussian stochastic fields can be made after a Karhunen-Loéve expansion of a given covariance function.
This method is also called simulation by Empirical Orthogonal Functions. The simulations are made by drawing stochastic coefficients
from a random generator. These numbers are multiplied with eigenfunctions and eigenvalues derived from the predefined covariance
model. The number of eigenfunctions necessary to reproduce the stochastic process within a predefined variance error, turns
out to be a cardinal question. Some ordinary analytical covariance functions are used to evaluate how quickly the series of
eigenfunctions can be truncated. This analysis demonstrates extremely quick convergence to 99.5% of total variance for the
2nd order exponential (‘gaussian’) covariance function, while the opposite is true for the 1st order exponential covariance
function. Due to these convergence characteristics, the Karhunen-Loéve method is most suitable for simulating smooth fields
with ‘gaussian’ shaped covariance functions. Practical applications of Karhunen-Loéve simulations can be improved by spatial
interpolation of the eigenfunctions. In this paper, we suggest interpolation by kriging and limits for reproduction of the
predefined covariance functions are evaluated. 相似文献
229.
假定垂直轴为二维对称各向异性介质主轴之一,构造走向与另一主轴方向成任一夹角,用伽勒金(Galerkin)有限元法和矩形网格,优化地合成总体刚度矩阵,使二维各向异性介质的基本方程形成有限元代数方程组,求出各节点场值,并利用MOM法求出辅助场,进而求出张量阻抗等响应函数.同时还对有关文献的计算模型进行了数值模拟检验 相似文献
230.
成都粘土裂隙成因研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
赵翔 《地质灾害与环境保护》1997,8(4):40-46
根据成都粘土中裂隙特征与地质环境条件的分析,提出成都粘土中途中眩要裂隙类型的成因模式,上升剥蚀引起的垂向卸荷作用产生波状水平裂隙,冲沟切割引起的侧向卸荷作用,产生平行斜列隙裂。 相似文献