登陆中国热带气旋台风季参数的气候特征分析

 利用1949-2006年登陆中国的热带气旋（TC）资料,分析登陆TC台风季参数的气候特征,结论如下：1) 登陆中国的初旋①以南海生成为主（占5成半）,终旋以西太平洋为主（高达8成）,近50多年来初、终旋源地分别呈现向东北、西北移动的趋势;2) 广东（浙江）初旋最早（晚）,广西、浙江（广东、海南）终旋较早（晚）,广东（浙江）台风季最长（短）。近50多年来除浙江台风季呈延长的线性趋势外,其余各省台风季变短或变化不明显。     

南海地区总云量的气候特征研究

采用EOF展开、小波分析、Mann-Kendall突变分析等方法,利用国际卫星云气候计划(ISCCP)提供的月平均云气候资料集,分析了南海地区总云量的气候特征.结果表明:①总云量表现为南北型的空间分布特征,分界在16°N附近,以北区域主要受南北热力差异影响,以纬向分布为主;以南区域主要受海陆热力差异影响,沿海岸线分布....     

THE CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF SLOPE NET RADIATION IN CHINA

By using the climatological calculating method for each component of slope surface net radiation proposedby the authors,calculations and analyses are done of the distribution features of slope net radiation in Chinawith emphasis on the discussion of variations of slope net radiation in typical stations and sites with slope direc-tion,slope,latitude and season.The distribution features of net radiation on the north and south slopes are,for the first time,mapped and discussed,revealing the great difference on the national basis,and thus acquiringa new interesting result that the negative-value area of winter net radiation on the north slope(20°)can reachYunnan and Guizhou Provinces and middle and upper reaches of the Changjiang River.     

金衢盆地、湘南及赣南地区柑桔冻害气候分析

系统分析了近40多年来金衢盆地、湘南及赣南地区柑桔冻害气候特征、越冬期低温变化规律及发展柑桔生产的气候对策。应用谱分析方法,得出极端最低气温主要周期为2—3年,负积温主要周期为9—11年,提出柑桔冻害出现频率以金衢盆地、赣东南地区最大,湘南大部地区、赣南及闽北柑桔冻害频率最小。预测本区柑桔冻害在本世纪末金华地区有中度冻害,吉安、衡阳两地区在2000年前柑桔基本上不会发生冻害。     

呼和浩特高空气温的统计特征

文章基于呼和浩特市1957—2012年自地面至高空20hPa的气温资料,统计分析了高空气温的季节变化、垂直分布、高空各层温度与地面温度变化的相关关系、长期变化趋势。结果表明:以150hPa层为界,其上部和下部的温度变化有着不同的特征,如在该层以下各层上的温度年较差为正值,而其上则为负值;近56a来,对流层下层温度显著增加,对流层上层和平流层的温度在降低,对流层温度直减率加大。     

近35年来肇庆开汛暴雨的气候特征及环流形势

利用肇庆6个国家观测站近35年(1981—2015年)3—6月逐日降水量资料、历史天气图以及NCEP1.0×1.0再分析资料,分析肇庆开汛暴雨的气候变化特征以及暴雨产生的天气形势分类,结果表明:肇庆开汛暴雨多发生在3—4月,开汛暴雨在肇庆的北部出现的频次较南部多。开汛暴雨天气影响系统主要是南支槽、中纬度西风槽;1981—2015年,受南支槽影响的过程共17次,受中纬西风槽影响的共18次。南支槽类暴雨常常产生在500 hPa高空槽前的西南风大值区、850 hPa切变线南侧;中纬西风槽暴雨发生时,500、700 hPa的西南偏西风通常比较强盛,为暴雨的产生提供了充足的水汽。无论是南支槽类暴雨还是中纬西风槽类暴雨,在暴雨发生前,850 hPa上有急流或切变线出现。     

REANALYSIS OF CLIMATOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WEST PACIFIC FOR LATEST 50 YEARS(1949～1996)

A statistic analysis has been conducted of the climatological features of Northwest Pacific typhoons over the past 50 years based on historical record from 1949 to 1996. The objects of study include theannual variation, distribution by season and intensity, and category of motion. Additional investigation is made ofhow the typhoon varies in terms of the geographic location of generation and the relationship between the intensity and the source area. It is revealed that most of the strong typhoons originate over waters east of 125°E with the strongest group coming from the Mariana Is. Besides, distribution of landing typhoons is given with respect toseason and latitude. Statistics of central pressure at the point of landfall suggests that typhoons making landfallson the provinces of Zhejiang and Fujian are less frequent than in south China but have relatively high intensity.     

CLIMATOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF WINTER TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS IN GUANGDONG

Using the monthly mean and minimum temperature data of the 36 observation stations in Guang-dong, the climatological features of the temperatures have been analyzed, including characteristics of trends, abrupt changes and periods. And the possible affecting factors on the winter warming in Guangdong have been discussed. The results show that the winter temperatures, particularly the monthly mean minimum temperatures in Guangdong, have a warming trend. The rise of the winter minimum temperatures in Guangdong began in the second half of 1960's and the warming was more evident since the 1980's.     

2000年春季中国北方沙尘暴天气气候成因研究

从环境背景和天气气候成因两个方面,分析了2000年春季中国北方沙尘暴频繁爆发的原因。结果表明,① 2000年春季中国北方大风沙尘暴的源地、路径和天气形势可归纳为三种类型;②近年来中国北方干旱加剧土地荒漠化严重,使原本广阔的戈壁沙漠面积逐步扩大,为沙尘暴天气的爆发提供了物质基础;③ 2000年处于反厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)事件的高峰期,使东亚冬季风加强;同时2000年春季极涡位于东半球新地岛附近,冷空气频繁南下,易形成大风天气;④ 2000年春季我国北方干旱少雨,气温回升迅速且温度偏高,使解冻的地表土层疏松,又提供了丰富的沙尘源。