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2007??4???2008??6?￡???FG5/232??FG5/214????????????????????????????????????????5?ξ???????????????ι????????????С???2??10 ^-8 ms ^-2??????t??????????????????????С???????????????????????????????????????2007??12????????????2007??4??????5??10 ^-8 ms ^-2?????????????????????仯?????????????????????????????δ?????     

农村居民点动态演变及驱动机制研究——以江苏省宜兴市为例

选取宜兴市为研究区,在GIS和RS技术的支撑下,对农村居民点用地的规模变化和空间分布进行分析,对引起农村居民点用地变化的驱动因素进行研究。结果表明:1农村居民点用地整体呈下降趋势,变化速度逐年减慢,主要新增来源是农用地,主要转移去向是城镇建设用地;2在地形平坦、距离水源和农用地较近的地区,农村居民点分布密集;3经济发展、人口减少、交通改善和城市化水平提高是影响农村居民点变化的主要驱动因素。     

职住分离的空间差异性及其影响因素研究

制度转型与空间重构背景下,中国大城市的居住与就业空间关系发生明显变化,职住分离 现象逐渐凸显。尽管城市地理学者逐步关注转型期城市居住与就业空间关系的变化对居民通 勤行为的影响,然而深入探讨微观个体所承受的职住分离程度的差异性及其影响因素的实证研 究仍然缺乏。基于对北京城市520 户家庭、806 个通勤样本的问卷调查数据,本文借助多元回归 模型验证了居住区类型、家庭及住房状况、以及其他社会经济属性等居民职住分离程度差异性 的影响,从而折射城市转型过程中宏观制度性及结构性因素(如土地市场化改革、住房政策、单 位制度改革、城市空间扩展等) 对个体日常生活经历差异性的影响。     

萨拉乌苏河流域150 ka BP以来的粒度旋回

萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾地层剖面150kaBP以来古流动砂丘砂与河湖相和古土壤在粒度上具有多次显著的粗细韵律交替变化，粒度参数-Mz、σ、Sk、Kg和SC/D亦随之响应为多波动峰谷交替的态势，同时，粒度特征值-φ5、φ16φ、φ25、φ50、φ84、φ9相应地表现为非常有节奏地跳动，据此，将米浪沟湾剖面划分为27个粒度粗细沉积旋回，并认为其是150kaBP以来在东亚冬夏古代季风交替影响下沙漠演变的一个颇为完整的气候-地质过程记录。     

A ∼6100 14C yr record of El Niño activity from the Galápagos Islands

Lithostratigrahic and mineralogic analyses of sediments from hypersaline Bainbridge Crater Lake, Galápagos Islands, provide evidence of past El Niño frequency and intensity. Laminated sediments indicate that at least 435 moderate to very strong El Niño events have occurred since 6100 ¹⁴C yr BP (7130 cal yr BP), and that frequency and intensity of events increased at about 3000 ¹⁴C yr BP (3100 cal yr BP). El Niño activity was present between 6100 and 4000 ¹⁴C yr BP (4600 cal yr BP) but infrequent. The Bainbridge record indicates that there has been considerable millennial-scale variability in El Niño since the mid-Holocene.     

中国南极维多利亚地新站气象特征分析

中国南极新站选择在维多利亚地特拉诺瓦湾难言岛上进行建设,其气象环境状况是开展科学研究的基础工作,也是考察队员生命安全保障的基础资料。因此,通过2013年度难言岛气象站的观测资料,结合附近地区历史气象资料,对该区域气象要素特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)由于地处罗斯海与东南极冰盖交界处,难言岛年均气压为987.8 h Pa,与中山站非常接近;(2)年均温为-16.1℃,最低气温为-39.3℃,且冬季气温波动较大,标准差可达±6.0℃;(3)年均相对湿度为42.1%,年均比湿为0.6 g·kg-1且冬季比湿极低,空气非常干燥,降水量非常低;(4)盛行风向为WNW,5—7级风出现频率超过50%,但夏季风速明显低于冬季风速,一般不超过8.0 m·s~(-1),有利于中国在夏季开展工程建设和补给;(5)难言岛年总辐射量为3 342.8 MJ·m~(-2),明显低于中山站,但两站反照率非常接近。     

Landscape Analysis of the Forest-Tundra Ecotone in Rocky Mountain National Park,Colorado∗

Landscapes in the ecotone between forest and tundra contain a mosaic of patches of trees, meadows, lakes, disturbed areas, and other features. The structure of this mosaic affects species habitat and potential ecotone response to global change. However, the alpine forest-tundra ecotone may be insensitive to climatic change if it is a climatic relict or is frequently disturbed. We used GIS and multivariate statistics to (1) analyze landscape structure in transects across the ecotone in Rocky Mountain National Park, (2) identify the major variants of forest-tundra ecotone, and (3) identify the influence of the environment and natural disturbances on variation in the landscape structure of the ecotone. There are six major types of ecotone varying in the amount of natural disturbances, permanent features (e.g., lakes), closed forest, patch forest, and krummholz. Variation is primarily related to slope, elevation, aspect, and geology associated with the morphology of the mountains and the disturbances they produce. The ecotone is not strongly structured by natural disturbances; thus, it may be more strongly controlled by and sensitive to climatic change than in areas where disturbance is more prevalent. Monitoring of potential ecotone response to global change is feasible, if tailored to the types of ecotone and their expected response.     

On the Period Variation of the W UMa-type Contact Binary V502 Ophiuchi

The variation in the orbital period of the W UMa type contact binary V502 Oph is analyzed. The orbital period exhibits a wavelike variation with a periodicity of 23.0 years and an amplitude of △P = 1.24×10~(-6) days superimposed on secular decrease of dP/dt = 1.68×10-7 day per year. The long-term decrease may be accompanied by the contraction of the secondary at a rate of 83 m per year and a mass transfer rate from the primary to the secondary of 4.28×10~8 M per year. The short-term oscillation may be explained by the presence of a third component. Orbital elements of the third body and its possible mass are presented.     

新疆耕地时空变化特征

以新疆1990年、2000年、2005年和2008年4期土地利用数据库及其遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS空间分析提取3期耕地动态变化数据。从现状分析、发展动态对新疆3期耕地开发利用的空间格局、面积变化和类型结构进行了分析。结果表明,耕地总面积持续增加,耕地年均净增和开垦速度呈先增后减的趋势,耕地年均流失速度持续递减;耕地开垦由绿洲地区向沙漠、戈壁延伸,而耕地流失则主要集中在绿洲地区,中东、西北和西南的边缘地区的耕地面积变化相对较大(Rid>1.02);耕地开发结构由草地和林地为主转向草地和未利用地为主,未利用地的开发结构由裸土地、盐碱地为主转向沙地、戈壁和盐碱地为主,耕地的利用结构以草地、建设用地和未利用地为主;耕地与建设用地的相互转化始终是负转化,与草地间的转化是正转化。     

冬季北极涛动和北极海冰变化对东亚气候变化的影响

本文简要回顾了冬季北极涛动 (北大西洋涛动 )和北极海冰面积变化对东亚气候变化的影响、研究中存在的问题以及目前亟待解决的科学问题。