早更新世东山古湖氯离子含量变化与季风演化

高分辨率东山古湖沉积物中氯离子含量变化表明，早更新世早期亚洲季风稳定建立，其变化较小。早期较干；中期出现大湿润期，氯离子含量最低；晚期（１．７－１．６６Ｍａ）再变干。     

Sulfur and chlorine degassing from primitive arc magmas: temporal changes during the 1982–1983 eruptions of Galunggung (West Java, Indonesia)

The 1982–1983 eruptions of Galunggung represent a nine-month period of intermittent volcanic activity with significant changes in explosivity and emission of volatiles. Eruptions started with Vulcanian explosions but changed gradually to Strombolian activity. Compositions of juvenile material changed from basaltic andesite to high-Mg basalt, which are among the most primitive rock types known in the Indonesian arc system. Although bulk compositions suggest a single evolution trend, we infer from the compositions of melt inclusions in olivine phenocrysts that the magmas represent derivatives of a complex spectrum of primary melts. Primitive inclusions in olivine phenocrysts from magma erupted during the Strombolian phase contain up to 2000 ppm sulfur, but concentrations decrease rapidly with increasing SiO₂ down to matrix glass values (50–100 ppm). ‘Vulcanian’ inclusions appear to be degassed before eruption (200 ppm S). Chlorine concentrations increase from 750 to 2200 ppm in Strombolian, and from 800 to 1500 in Vulcanian magmas, whereas matrix glass contains about 1000 ppm in both cases. Ash leachates show two cycles of decreasing S/Cl ratios: from 9.7 to 5.6 at the start of the activity, and from 12.2 to 2.0 after four months. As the second cycle follows upon increased seismic activity at shallow depth, it probably reflects degassing of fresh sulfur-rich magma arriving in the shallow Galunggung reservoir. In contrast to the degassed state of Vulcanian magma, the significant amounts of adsorbed sulfur on the ashes point to an excess source of sulfur, which was most likely derived from intruding Strombolian magma. Hence, the observed sulfur flux of 2 Mt is not in accordance with a petrologic estimate of 0.09 Mt. Using a published value of 550 Mt of erupted material about 0.34 km³ fresh undegassed magma is needed to account for the observed sulfur flux. This is close to the erupted volume of Vulcanian magma (0.26 km³), which presumably was replaced completely by Strombolian magma during the eruption. Using the petrologic method, we calculate a total release of 0.3 Mt chlorine, which agrees well with an output of 0.47 Mt estimated independently from S/Cl ratios of the ash leachates and TOMS sulfur yields. Ash leachates show that about 35% of the sulfur and 30% of the chlorine was scavenged from the eruption plumes. Our results suggest that sulfur and chlorine were largely decoupled during degassing, which resulted in considerable variations in S/Cl ratios during the Galunggung eruptions. We infer that sulfur degassing reflects the arrival of fresh magma at shallow depth, whereas chlorine is largely derived from simultaneously erupted material. As a consequence, the petrologic estimates are more consistent with observed emissions for chlorine than for sulfur.     

The influence of plants on atmospheric carbon monoxide and dinitrogen oxide

It is shown by laboratory experiments and extensivein-situ measurements that higher plants (Vicia faba, Platanus acerifolia, Fagus silvatica, andPinus silvestris) produce carbon monoxide. The measurements were carried out under natural conditions with respect to the concentrations of O₂ and H₂O, and temperature. The CO₂- and CO-mixing ratios were varied in the ranges 350 to 530 ppm and 3–270 ppb, respectively. The CO-production rates were found to be light dependent with an average value per cm² of leaf area of 3×10^–13 g/sec for a radiation intensity of 5×10⁴ erg/cm² sec. The production rates are independent of the CO₂- and CO-mixing ratios employed in the test atmosphere. Considering the production rate of 3×10^–13 g/cm² sec to be representative for global conditions the total CO-production by plants is estimated to be 0.5–1.0×10¹⁴ g/year. In contrast to carbon monoxide atmospheric dinitrogen oxide is not influenced by plants in the same manner.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法间接测定煤中氯

拟定了高压氧弹燃烧处理煤样品，电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法间接测定煤中氯含量的方法。方法经国家一级煤标准物质分析验证，结果与标准值相符，11次测定的相对标准偏差＜5％。     

青海察尔汗盐湖区氯（亚氯）盐渍土的工程性质分析

在现场勘察资料的基础上，结合以往的研究资料，分析了青海察尔汗盐湖区氯（亚氯）盐渍土腐蚀性等特点，提出了相关的地基处理方法及建筑物兴建时需注意的问题。     

Correlation between black carbon aerosols, carbon monoxide and tropospheric ozone over a tropical urban site

Black carbon aerosols plays an important role in the earth's radiative balance and little is known of their concentrations, distributions, source strength, and especially the aerosol chemistry of the developing world. The present study addresses the impact of back carbon aerosols on different atmospheric species like CO and tropospheric ozone over an urban environment, namely Hyderabad, India. Ozone concentration varies from 14 to 63 ppbv over the study area. Diurnal variations of ozone suggest that ozone concentration starts increasing gradually after sunrise, attaining a maximum value by evening time and decreasing gradually thereafter. Black carbon (BC) aerosol mass concentrations varies from 1471 to 11,175 ng m⁻³. The diurnal variations of BC suggest that the concentrations are increased by a factor of 2 during morning (06:00–09:00 h) and evening hours (18:00 to 22:00 h) compared to afternoon hours. Positive correlation has been observed between BC and CO (r²=0.74) with an average slope of 6.4×10⁻³ g BC/g CO. The slope between black carbon aerosol mass concentration and tropospheric ozone suggests that every 1 μg m⁻³ increase in black carbon aerosol mass concentration causes a 3.5 μg m⁻³ reduction in tropospheric ozone. The results have been discussed in detail in the paper.     

第四纪察尔汗地区石盐沉积中的氯同位素组成

采用基于Ｃｓ２Ｃｌ＋离子的正热电离质谱高精度测定氯同位素方法（在９５％的置信水平时，测定精度为０．０２％），测定了柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖ＺＫ─８９０４钻孔原生石盐和次生石盐中氯同位素组成．研究表明五万年以来察尔汗地区氯同位素组成δ３７Ｃｌ的变化范围为－１．１５７～－０．３７９‰（ＳＭＯＣ）．根据氯同位素，组成的变化规律并结合ＺＫ─８９０４钻孔中氢氧同位素组成，推断出在此期间察尔汗盐湖至少经历了三次较大规模的淡化，冰后期和增温干旱期的两次湖水淡化对现代盐湖的形成起到了重要的作用，同时也复证了该地区的古气候演化模式。     

马海盐湖区卤水和盐类矿物的氯同位素特征及意义

采用以Ｃｓ２Ｃｌ＋为发射离子的高精度正热电离质谱方法，对柴达木盆地马海盐湖区卤水和共存的盐类沉积、河水、钻孔盐类沉积中的氯同位素组成进行了精确的测定．该地区盐湖卤水氯同位素组成表明，在相同的蒸发沉积环境地质条件下，地表卤水δ３７Ｃｌ变化范围为－１．５５‰到０．５３‰。盐类沉积垂直剖面的δ３７Ｃｌ值变化范围在０．００‰。到１．０５‰。在此基础上，初步研究了利用卤水及盐类矿物氯同位素组成变化追踪盐湖补给水来源及盐湖古气候变化．     

Spectroscopic measurements of atmospheric carbon monoxide and methane. 2: Seasonal variations and long-term trends

A spectroscopic technique for measuring CO and CH₄ contents is described and the latitudinal distributions of these gases are presented. Carbon monoxide abundance decreases southward, having two local maxima: in midlatitudes and in the tropics. The slope of latitude dependence varies according to the season of the year. The difference in CH₄ content does not exceed the accuracy of the method (±8%).     

延吉市CO中毒事件成因及气象条件分析

对2006年2月13—14日延吉市CO中毒事件的成因及气象条件的影响进行了分析和探讨，天气和数值模拟分析结果表明：在这次CO中毒事件中，持续弱风和大幅度升温是主要的气象影响因素，同时，逆温、弱气压场、云量多等气象条件对低空风速和湍流的持续抑制作用，延长了不利气象因素的影响时间，对中毒事件的发生也具有不可忽视的作用。延吉市CO中毒事件绝大多数死亡者和患者都住自建出租房，这种房屋空间狭小、保温和通风性能差，尤其是弱风条件下大幅度升温对其室内通风和供氧条件的不利影响，是导致该事件发生的根本原因。