Chemical Procedures for Rhenium Extraction from Geological Samples: Optimising the Anion Resin Bead Clean‐up Step

Rhenium–osmium geochronometry for samples with low Re and complex matrices requires improved Re extraction methods. Here, we investigate plausible controls on efficiency and efficacy of Re extraction during our anion resin bead purification. Four different protocols are compared, each isolating a single variable to test. Rhenium concentrations for solutions at each step of each protocol document differences in chemical recovery/yield. The negative‐thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (N‐TIMS) signal intensity serves as a proxy for Re yield and purity. These data document correlations between the N‐TIMS signal intensity and (a) the duration of anion resin bead conditioning prior to loading with Re‐bearing solution, and (b) both duration and strength of nitric acid used during rinsing of the Re‐loaded anion resin bead. The optimal protocol improved Re signal intensity around fourteen times compared with our current Re extraction protocol, an aggregate of 2.4 times improvement in chemical recovery (yield) and 5.8 times improvement in emission efficiency (purity). Repeated N‐TIMS isotopic measurements on our in‐house Re standard solution (1407) verify that our optimal protocol‐3 does not fractionate Re isotopes. The improved anion resin bead method considerably lowers the Re detection limit and allows Re‐Os isotopic analysis of picogram‐level Re hosted in geological samples with complex matrices.     

类芽孢杆菌对铜陵新桥矿区土壤中Cu化学形态的影响

采用Tessier五步连续提取法和红外光谱技术,研究类芽孢杆菌对铜陵新桥矿区重金属污染土壤中Cu化学形态的影响,初步探讨了Cu形态变化的机理。结果表明,不同投入量的类芽孢杆菌接种到土壤培养一周后,土壤溶液pH值降低,土壤中可交换态、有机结合态Cu含量增加,碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态Cu的含量降低。土壤中可交换态、铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态Cu含量的变化主要受土壤溶液的pH值控制;有机结合态升高主要与类芽孢杆菌菌数及其代谢产生的低分子量有机酸有关。类芽孢杆菌可以改变矿区土壤中Cu的化学形态,影响Cu的生物有效性。     

裸眼系列完井方式下叠式分支水平井产能预测

综合运用保角变换、镜像反映愿理,势的叠加原理以及等值渗流阻力等数学和渗流力学分析方法,推导出裸眼系列完井方式下叠武分支水平井的产能解析公式,当分支数目为1时,所推导的解析公式退化为著名的Borisov公式.分析了影响其产能的几个重要因素,从而为该类型分支井的完井方案设计提供参考依据.经研究发现,完井筛管挡砂精度越高,相比水平井,叠式分支水平井产能损失相对越少;叠武分支水平井的产能受其在上下封闭边界油藏中垂向位置的影响较小;相比微元段模型,解析模型预测的产能偏高,引入校正系数后可减小偏差.     

铀矿床勘探类型之定量划分

本文提出矿化连续性分类法,它根据大矿体储量比例,将铀矿床划分为9个勘探类型。     

中国二八面体含铝蒙皂石矿物化学和晶体化学的特征

通过对我国６４个二八面体含铝蒙皂石矿物化学及晶体化学数据的统计分析，研究了它们的矿物化学及晶体化学的基本特征，并得出八面体组分是影响蒙皂石矿物学及物理化学性质的主要因素，在此基础上，利用ＡｌＡｌ－ＡｌＦｅ－ＡｌＭｇ三角图划分了我国二八面体含铝蒙皂石的晶体化学类型，并对原分类图进行了模式化处理，使ＡｌＡｌ－ＡｌＦｅ－ＡｌＭｇ图更具实际意义，蒙皂石的阳离子交换容量与晶体化学模型有对应性，并受八面体三价     

上海村镇民房抗震对策分析

本文采用类比法和定量化方法对上海宝山区村镇民房震害损失进行了预测。在此基础上,对上海已有的和新建的民房提出抗震对策和措施。     

宝鸡市地质灾害特征及形成主要因素分析

介绍了宝鸡市地质灾害的类型、规模及特征,并着重分析了宝鸡市地质灾害形成的主要因素。认为虽然造成区内地质灾害发生的因素甚多,但近年来大多与人为因素诱发有关。因此,在国土开发和国民经济建设中,应重视对地质环境的保护,避免因人类不适宜的活动而诱发地质灾害。     

汉中盆地地下水水化学特征及其成因研究

为研究汉中盆地地下水的水化学特征及成因,在丰水期共采集56件潜水样品,综合运用数理统计、相关性分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型和离子比等方法,分析了汉中盆地地下水的水文地球化学特征、各化学参数的空间变化规律、主要离子的控制因素及来源。结果表明,汉中盆地地下水阳离子以Ca2+为主,阴离子以HCO3–为主。从离子空间变化规律上来看, K+波动最为剧烈,且从中下游开始逐渐降低,Cl−和Na+变化规律一致,呈波动变化;HCO3−、Ca2+、Mg2+以及SO42−的从中上游至中下游含量逐步降低,至下游含量增加;TDS值为128.5～590 mg/L,平均值为282.67 mg/L,在中下游含量明显增加;pH平均值为7.17,为弱碱性,在中上游波动剧烈,至下游逐渐降低。地下水水化学类型以HCO3–Ca和HCO3–Ca·Mg型为主,受碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩的溶解共同控制,阳离子交替吸附作用较弱,Na+和K+主要来源于钾长石、钠长石等硅铝酸盐矿物的溶解和部分盐岩的风化溶解,Ca2+除来自碳酸盐岩的溶解外,还有大量硅酸盐岩的溶解;方解石及少量白云石等碳酸盐岩的风化溶解对Mg2+和HCO3−贡献较大。查明汉中盆地地下水水化学特征及成因机制,可为汉中地区地下水饮水安全提供有力科学依据。     

Rivers, chemical weathering and Earth's climate

We detail the results of recent studies describing and quantifying the large-scale chemical weathering of the main types of continental silicate rocks: granites and basalts. These studies aim at establishing chemical weathering laws for these two lithologies, describing the dependence of chemical weathering on environmental parameters, such as climate and mechanical erosion. As shown within this contribution, such mathematical laws are of primary importance for numerical models calculating the evolution of the partial pressure of atmospheric CO₂ and the Earth climate at geological timescales. The major results can be summarized as follow: (1) weathering of continental basaltic lithologies accounts for about 30% of the total consumption of atmospheric CO₂ through weathering of continental silicate rocks. This is related to their high weatherability (about eight times greater than the granite weatherability); (2) a simple weathering law has been established for basaltic lithologies, giving the consumption of atmospheric CO₂ as a function of regional continental runoff, and mean annual regional temperature; (3) no such simple weathering law can be proposed for granitic lithologies, since the effect of temperature can only be identified for regions displaying high continental runoff; (4) a general law relating mechanical erosion and chemical weathering has been validated on small and large catchments. The consequences of these major advances on the climatic evolution of the Earth are discussed. Particularly, the impacts of the onset of the Deccan trapps and the Himalayan orogeny on the global carbon cycle are reinvestigated. To cite this article: B. Dupré et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).