Study on Collision Characters for SPAR Platform

This paper presents the research on the external mechanism of collision characters for a SPAR platform. The collision characters of SPAR platform have not attracted so much attention as that of ships in the past, because short of this kind of collision accidents reported. But with the increasing number of SPAR platforms in the world, the possibility of such kind of accident also increases. Therefore, it is necessary to master the character of SPAR collision. Model test technique is employed to study the external mechanism. The collision scenario is a ship colliding with a SPAR platform moored in the site with 1500 meters water depth. The striking ship hits the SPAR platform on the hard tank near water surface in its longitudinal direction. The specifics of the SPAR＇s motions and the tension forces of the mooring lines are collected to summarize the hydrodynamic characters in the collision scenario. It is found that the maximal displacements and the maximal pitch angles of the SPAR platform, and the maximal tension forces of mooring lines are all linearly proportional to the initial velocity of the striking ship basically. Mooring lines play elastic roles in the collision course.     

线纹尖塘鳢的形态特征、染色体核型及分类学地位

以1996年由澳大利亚Fiyzroy河水系引进的野生线纹尖塘鳢幼鱼群体和经池塘驯养、混合选育、繁殖多代的幼成鱼为材料,进行形态生物学的观测、分类地位研究;采用PHA腹腔注射、肾细胞直接制片法,进行染色体核型分析。结果表明,线纹尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris lineolatus)与云斑尖塘鳢(O. marmoratus)是尖塘鳢属中亲缘关系最接近的单系类群,完成了其系统分类学的定位,支持将尖塘鳢从塘鳢属中分出的传统分类处理,从细胞学角度,证明传统分类的正确性。提出两种尖塘鳢种间杂交可能性很大,与塘鳢属、乌塘鳢属和沙塘鳢属间杂交的可能性也存在。     

红树植物红海榄叶化学组成研究

对红树植物红海榄叶的基本化学成分水分,灰分,灰分中酸不溶物,灰分中S(SO42-),粗蛋白,粗脂肪等及氨基酸和微量元素的组成和含量进行了系统的分析测定。其基本化学组成各成分含量分别为:水分(69.18%),灰分(3.04%),灰分中酸不溶物(0.094%),灰分中S(SO42-)(0.052%),粗脂肪(7.75%),粗蛋白(7.14%);测得了红海榄叶中17种氨基酸,其总含量为10.7mg/g,其中人体必须氨基酸有7种,占所含氨基酸总量约26%;采用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱仪对红海榄叶进行了31种微量元素的分析测定,测得了其中18种元素的含量,红海榄叶中含有丰富的人体必须的矿物质元素。     

台风与冷空气对\

利用NCEP 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料、FY-2G卫星、多普勒雷达和地面加密观测等资料,对西行登陆福建的秋季台风“菲特”(1323)、“鮎鱼”(1617)和“杜鹃”(1521)登陆后倒槽特大暴雨的对流特征和预报难点进行了分析。结果表明,三个秋季台风倒槽特大暴雨均由中尺度对流的持续影响造成,特大暴雨出现在低空水汽通量辐合、θ_se大值区或锋区以及大尺度强迫抬升的重叠区域,另外在减弱的台风中心附近也出现了水汽辐合、θ_se大值区和强迫抬升的持续,倒槽区域较减弱的台风中心附近更为不稳定的大气层结是其出现特大暴雨的主要原因“。菲特”(1323)和“鮎鱼”(1617)的冷空气影响、不稳定能量和大气层结有差异,对流的特征和强度不同“。杜鹃”(1521)基本没有冷空气影响,但在强大暖湿气流北上过程中,急剧增长的不稳定能量在低空切变、地面中尺度辐合和海岸强迫的共同作用下释放,触发中尺度对流发生发展。在业务预报中,由于对倒槽特大暴雨的对流特征、强度和持续时间认识不够,加上数值模式降水量预报偏小,导致预报出现偏差。

     

The Microphysical Characteristics of Wintertime Cold Clouds in North China

The microphysical characteristics of wintertime cold clouds in North China were investigated from 22 aircraft observation flights from 2014 to 2017, 2020, and 2021. The clouds were generated by mesoscale weather systems with little orographic component. Over the mixed-phase temperature range (–40°C to 0°C), the average fraction of liquid, mixed-phase, and ice cloud was 4.9%, 23.3%, and 71.8%, respectively, and the probability distribution of ice mass fraction was a half-U-shape, suggesting that ice cloud was the primary cloud type. The wintertime mixed-phase clouds in North China were characterized by large cloud droplet number concentration, small liquid water content (LWC), and small effective diameter of cloud droplets. The main reason for larger cloud droplet number concentration and smaller effective diameter of cloud droplets was the heavy pollution in winter in North China, while for smaller LWC was the lower temperature during flights and the difference in air mass type. With the temperature increasing, cloud droplet number concentration, LWC, and the size of ice particles increased, but ice number concentration and effective diameter of cloud droplets decreased, similar to other mid-latitude regions, indicating the similarity in the temperature dependence of cloud properties of mixed-phase clouds. The variation of the cloud properties and ice habit at different temperatures indicated the operation of the aggregation and riming processes, which were commonly present in the wintertime mixed-phase clouds. This study fills a gap in the aircraft observation of wintertime cold clouds in North China.     

震后映卧路沿线泥石流发育分布特征及防治措施

震后映卧路沿线泥石流发育分布呈面积广、发生频率高等特点。调查结果公路沿线主要发育泥石流两类57条,其中沟谷型泥石流28处,坡面型泥石流29处,沟谷型泥石流以大型—特大型为主,坡面型泥石流以小型为主;针对该区泥石流的发育特征,提出了生物防治和工程治理相结合的防治措施,对映卧路的防灾减灾工程有积极的意义。     

黑龙江省主要含煤地层简论

含煤地层划分对比研究是进行找煤勘查工作的必要基础。本文全面分析了黑龙江省5个主要舍煤地层的含煤情况及分布,分析了目前黑龙江省主要煤炭矿区、煤炭资源储量较大的勘查区的含煤地层,进而分析了黑龙江省寻找煤炭资源勘查方向和具体目标。     

福泉市矮蹬地区九架炉组铝土矿、赤铁矿矿床地质特征

福泉矮蹬地区铝土矿、赤铁矿均产于石炭系九架炉组（Cjj）地层中下部,产出层位较稳定,延伸规模大.矿体呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出,产状与地层产状基本一致,矿石品位较高,变化较小.含矿岩系底厚度严格受下伏地层泥盆系上统高坡场组（D3g）厚层白云岩风化壳（喀斯特地貌）起伏控制.将该区铝土矿与修文地区大豆厂九架炉组（Cjj）铝土矿床含矿岩系等进行对比,揭示了本区铝土矿的独特之处.结合九架炉组分布范围、厚度及其变化等,对该区铝土矿资源找矿潜力进行了初步评价,拟为下一步在该区实现铝土矿的找矿突破提供一定的参考.     

Automatic recognition of freight car number

This paper discusses methods for character extraction on the basis of statistical and structural features of gray-level images, and proposes a dynamic local contrast threshold method accommodating to line width. Precise locating of character string is realized by exploiting horizontal projection and character arragements of binary images in horizontal and vertical directions respectively. Also discussed is the method for segmentation of characters in binary images, which is based on projection taking stroke width and character sizes into account. A new method for character identification is explored, which is based on compound neural networks. A complex neural network consists of two sub-nets, the first sub-net performs self-association of patterns via 2-dimentional local-connected 3-order networks, the second sub-net, linking with a locally connected BP networks, performs classification. The reliability of the network recognition is reinforced by introducing conditions for identification denial. Experiments confirm that the proposed methods possess the advantages of impressive robustness, rapid processing and high accuracy of identification.     

Piwi基因参与两性卤虫(Artemia franciscana)的生殖调控研究

Piwi（P-element induced wimpy testis）基因编码Piwi蛋白,在生殖干细胞的自我更新、减数分裂过程、RNA沉默和转录调控中起重要作用。为探究Piwi基因参与两性卤虫生殖发育的作用,从两性卤虫Artemia franciscana转录组中筛选获得Piwi基因开放阅读框,进行序列分析和结构域预测等生物信息学分析,采用qPCR技术研究该基因在A.franciscana生殖腺发育不同时期表达特征,并利用RNAi显微注射技术探究其功能。生物信息学分析表明,A.franciscana Piwi基因的开放阅读框长2 619 bp,编码872个氨基酸;Piwi基因编码的蛋白分子量为98.11 kDa,等电点为9.50,为碱性亲水性蛋白,无信号肽和跨膜结构;存在Piwi和PAZ结构域及ArgoL1结构域,二级结构以α-螺旋为主,三级结构与之对应;系统进化树显示A.franciscana与蚤状溞和大型溞的Piwi序列相似性最高。qPCR结果表明,Piwi基因在卵巢的卵黄发生晚期和晚期胚胎表达量最高,显著高于卵黄发生早期和早期胚胎（P<0.01）;Piwi基因在精巢的未成熟期表达量最高,显著高于成熟早期、成熟中期和成熟晚期（P<0.01）。RNAi结果显示,该方法能显著降低Piwi基因的表达水平（P<0.01）,并导致A.franciscana所产后代均为休眠卵,说明Piwi基因不但在A.franciscana生殖发育调控起重要作用,而且可能在其繁殖方式决定过程中起关键作用。研究结果为两性卤虫Piwi/piRNA功能和分子机制调控的研究提供了基础信息,将有助于揭示Piwi基因参与调控两性卤虫生殖发育机制。