双星轨道拟合的研究进展

双星轨道拟合是天文学的一项基础性研究工作。其主要目的是给出双星系统的二体轨道参数,这些参数不仅是高精度、高网格密度星表参考架的必要组成部分,而且也为理解各种有关观测现象提供了必要的动力学基础;更重要的是,双星轨道拟合可以直接估计恒星物理和星系天文学等领域极有应用价值的恒星质量参数。因此,长期以来双星轨道拟合工作一直受到研究者的广泛关注。近年来,随着高精度的恒星运动学观测资料的大量积累,双星轨道拟合更成为天体测量和天体力学的一个共同的热点课题,有关研究也有了长足的进展。综述了双星轨道拟合的历史及现状,其中着重介绍了目前所用的主要观测资料和各种具体的拟合模型、拟合方法;简要描述了几种主要的双星星表;展望了今后双星轨道拟合工作的发展趋势。     

The Impact of Mid- and High-Latitude Rossby Wave Activities on the Medium-Range Evolution of the EAP Pattern During the Pre-Rainy Period of South China

Based on the NCEP DOE AMIP II daily reanalysis data (1979{2005), the evolution of the East Asia/Pacific(EAP) teleconnection pattern during the pre-rainy period of South China is studied on the medium-range time scale. It is found that positive and negative EAP patterns share a similar generation process. In the middle and upper troposphere, Rossby wave packets emanating from the northeast Atlantic or Europe propagate toward East Asia along the Eurasian continent waveguide and finally give rise to the three anomaly centers of the EAP pattern over East Asia. Among the three anomaly centers, the western Pacific subtropical center appears the latest. Rossby wave packets propagate from the high latitude anomaly center toward the mid-latitude and the subtropical ones. The enhancement and maintenance of the subtropical anomaly center is closely associated with the subtropical jet waveguide and the incoming Rossby wave packets from the upstream. In the lower troposphere, Rossby wave packets emanate from the subtropical Asia toward East Asia. Positive and negative EAP patterns could not be regarded as "mirrors" to each other with simply re- versed phase. For the positive pattern, the positive height anomaly center around the Scandinavia Peninsula keeps its strength and position during the mature period, and the Rossby wave packets thus propagate persistently toward East Asia, facilitating a longer mature time of the positive pattern. As for the formation of the negative EAP pattern, however, the incoming Rossby wave energy from the upstream contributes to both the enhancement and southeastward movement of the negative anomaly belt from the Yenisei River to the Bering Strait and the positive anomaly center around Mongolia. At the peak time, the two anomlous circulations are evolved into the Northeast Asia and the mid-latitude anomaly centers of the negative pattern, respectively. The energy dispersion of Rossby wave packets is relatively fast due to the predominant zonal circulation in the extratropics, causing a shorter mature period of the negative pattern. During the pre-rainy period of South China, the prevalence of the EAP pattern signiˉcantly affects the rainfall over the region south of the Yangtze River. The positive (negative) EAP pattern tends to causepositive (negative) precipitation anomalies in that region. This is di?erent from the earlier research findingsbased on monthly mean data.     

基于MODIS的青藏高原逐日无云积雪产品算法

青藏高原积雪对高亚洲地区水和能量循环起着重要的反馈和调节作用,其变化影响着融雪性河流流量,对下游水资源和经济活动具有重要影响。中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）具有较高的时空分辨率,被广泛应用于积雪遥感动态监测,然而光学遥感积雪受云层影响严重,且青藏高原地区水汽分布不均,局地对流活跃,积雪的赋存时间变化快,这给高原地区逐日积雪监测及其气候学制图带来挑战。在考虑青藏高原地形和积雪分布特征情况下,结合现有的云覆盖下积雪判别算法,采用8个不同方法的组合,逐步实现MODIS逐日无云积雪算法。选取2009年10月1日-2011年4月30日两个积雪季为研究期,并采用145个地面台站观测雪深数据对去云算法各步骤过程开展精度验证,结果表明：当积雪深度>3 cm时,逐日无云积雪产品总分类精度达到96.6%,积雪分类精度达83%,积雪判对概率（召回率）达到89.0%,算法可实现青藏高原地区逐日无云积雪动态监测和积雪覆盖气候学数据重建,对高亚洲地区的水、生态和灾害等全球环境变化影响研究具有重要的意义。     

中国大陆地震地下流体异常特征研究

根据《中国震例》(1966~1999年)在中国大陆发生M_S≥5.0地震188次震例资料 , 将其中与流体异常相关的126个震例中的803项流体异常按异常出现、 异常转折至发震随时间变化和异常数量随震中距距离变化分布的时、 空特征进行统计、 分析。 研究结果表明, 无论是趋势性异常还是短临异常, 在不同的时间段中, 异常数量呈现出明显的阶段性分布特征; 异常数量空间分布会随震中距的变化而不同。 在统计研究中还表明, 两者在时、 空分布方面有较好的一致性。     

Geobiological interpretation of the oxygen-deficient deposits of the Middle Permian marine source rocks in South China:A working hypothesis

To decipher the origin of oxygen-deficient shelfal deposits is significant for tracing the distribution of marine source rocks and interpreting the evolution of depositional environment. The origin of the Middle Permian Chihsia Formation in South China remains a puzzle for long with its evident oxygen-deficient features but diverse benthos. This paper shows a typical Chihsian depositional rhythm composed of the massive and the laminated limestones with ecological and geochemical features. Massive bioclastic limestone from the rhythm was aerobic in paleoxygenation condition indicated by both the ecological and geochemical features. However, a contradictory oxygenation was inferred for the “laminated” counterpart from the rhythm, with the ecological signal being aerobic and the geochemical one being anoxic. The difference in ecological and geochemical indications was interpreted as the instability of paleoxygenation condition in shelf environments, caused by an enhanced paleoproductivity. Rhythmic occurrence of the oxygen-deficient condition might have been stemmed from paleo-Tethyan paleocurrents flowing across South China. __________ Translated from Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007, 32(6): 789–796 [译自: 地球科学—中国地质大学学报]     

湘江竹埠港段河床沉积物元素地球化学特征

湘江是我国重金属污染最严重的河流之一。本次工作利用X射线荧光(XRF)和电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析技术,对湘江竹埠港沉积物进行主量和微量元素分析。结果表明沉积物主量元素含量变化相对稳定,富集MnO、P2O5、Fe2O3、Al2O3,亏损CaO、Na2O。微量元素含量变化较大,亏损Ba、Sc、Mn、Sr而富集其他微量元素。对主量元素和稀土元素进行了分析,表明沉积物物源主要是由上游花岗岩风化所提供。对沉积物进行因子分析和相关性分析,表明沉积物源主要以陆源碎屑为主,并有磷灰石和软锰矿等自生副矿物,Ni、Pb、Cu可能来自人为污染源。地累积指数表明Ba为清洁无污染,重金属V、Cr、Co、Ni、Th、U为轻度污染,重金属Cu、Pb、Zn为偏中度污染,Mn为中度污染,Sc为偏重度污染。其中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Sc污染应引起关注。     

黑龙江盘古-碧水韧性剪切带中段构造地球化学特征

盘古-碧水韧性剪切带中段糜棱岩的叠加强度和质量平衡分析表明:剪切带在变形过程中组分发生了显著的交换。糜棱岩类总体CaO、K2O、SiO2大量带入,TiO2、MnO、FeO是带出的。随着糜棱岩化程度的提高,SiO2、K2O、MnO明显带入,CaO少量带出。以Al2O3守恒为限制条件,整个剪切带质量和体积增加了16.87%。大规模的物质带入带出发生在糜棱岩阶段。     

北京延庆高于庄组凝灰岩的锆石U-Pb定年研究及其对华北北部中元古界划分新方案的进一步约束

作者最近在北京延庆高于庄组张家峪亚组上部发现了凝灰岩,并测得了该凝灰岩中锆石1559±12Ma的SHRIMPU-Pb年龄和1560±5Ma的LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb年龄。这一新的高精度定年结果表明,华北北部高于庄组形成于中元古代初期的盖层纪(Calymmian Period,1600~1400Ma)早期。结合早先大红峪组火山岩的锆石U-Pb年龄(1622~1625Ma),现在可以确切地将高于庄组的底界年龄限定在1600Ma左右。结合最近在铁岭组斑脱岩获得的锆石U-Pb年龄(~1440Ma),本文再次建议,应将华北中元古界蓟县系的底界下拉到高于庄组底界,自该组底部(1600Ma)到铁岭组顶部(1400Ma)的巨厚碳酸盐岩序列都属于新定义的蓟县系,并对应于国际中元古界的盖层系,高于庄组与大红峪组之间的界线则可作为蓟县系与长城系的分界标志。高于庄组凝灰岩锆石的精确定年,为华北北部中元古界年代地层划分等研究,提供了直接的年代学约束。     

云南罗平中三叠统关岭组二段碳酸盐岩微相分析

通过详细的野外观察和室内镜下薄片分析,于中三叠统关岭组二段中初步识别出8种微相类型。结合宏观沉积构造及罗平生物群保存特征,认为云南罗平关岭组二段为碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积,可划分出深水盆地、深缓坡、深缓坡远端变陡、浅缓坡和后缓坡5个沉积相。沉积相在垂向上是向上变浅(海退)的沉积序列。罗平生物群的沉积环境为深水、低能、安静的海洋环境,突发的风暴事件导致了生物群大量死亡,并被迅速埋藏。     

莱州湾海洋沉积物粒度特征及其环境响应分析

基于20个柱状样粒度信息,文章对山东莱州湾海域1~3 m厚度的沉积环境展开了研究。莱州湾海域沉积物粒度组分以砂质和粉砂质为主,整体上分选性偏差,在沉积过程中受周边环境改造明显。莱州湾海洋沉积动力环境在粒度方面有较好的响应,柱状样粒度分布图反映不同海域沉积物所处的外力作用阶段各有不同,但总体上随着搬运距离增大,至中部浅海平原,概率累积曲线斜率逐渐变大,阶段分化愈发明显。莱州湾浅部海域共同环境敏感组分为3≤φ≤4,沿岸河流性质和泥沙输运路径对粒度组分影响明显。综合前人关于沉积速率的研究成果,表明莱州湾东部海域粒度组分阶段性变化与1855年黄河改道在时间上存在一定的对应关系。就沉积物形成环境而言,莱州湾中部海域沉积环境水动力较强,物质来源多样。屺坶岛—刁龙嘴海域沉积物的颗粒略粗,需要的临界起动速度较大,发生再悬浮的几率相对较小。黄河水下三角洲沉积环境比较动荡,能量不稳定,处于重力流后期,能量衰减并向牵引流转化。南部的水下岸坡在波浪、潮流作用下有一定量的泥沙淤积。