Effects of weather types on hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in Castilla-La Mancha,Spain

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the risk of hospital admission for respiratory diseases (RD) and the daily weather types during the period 2000-2006. A synoptic climatological approach is used to investigate links between air-mass types (weather situations) and all respiratory hospital admissions in the Castilla-La Mancha (CLM) area in Spain. This afforded the main circulation weather types (CWTs) for the winter and spring periods (since respiratory hospital admissions reached their maximum during these seasons) and the frequency distributions of these types were analyzed. A summary of the main characteristics of the hospital admission series and their distribution over the seven years studied, together with the frequency distributions of the admissions classified by sex and ages, for season, month and for each day of the week, is reported. In addition, a comparison between air-mass classification and hospital admissions is made using an admission index (AI). The results reveal different responses of respiratory admission rates to the eight air-mass types identified in winter and in spring. In winter, three air massess southwesterly (SW), anti-cyclonic (A) and hybrid anti-cyclonic southwesterly (HASW), are associated with values 1.5 times higher than the respective average admission rates, while in spring no significant differences are seen.     

胆囊增大的MRCP和常规MRI诊断

目的：探讨磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）和常规MRI对胆囊增大的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经腹腔镜或外科手术证实的29例胆囊增大病人的临床和影像资料。对每一例患者在术前行MRCP和常规轴面T1WI与T2WI联合检查,将影像诊断与手术所见及病理诊断结果对照,评价术前MRCP和MRI对胆囊增大病因的诊断正确率。结果：①本组增大胆囊的长径范围为8.01～18.13cm（平均11.93cm±3.20）,横径范围为4.12～7.05cm（平均4.59cm±0.91）;②29例胆囊增大的病因诊断如下：与胆道结石相关的良性病变17例（胆总管结石7例、急性与慢性胆囊炎伴胆囊结石4例、胆囊腺肌瘤病和Mirizzi综合征各3例）,低张力胆囊1例,MRCP和MRI的诊断敏感度为83.33%（15/18）,特异度为72.22%（13/18）;由肿瘤性病变引起的胆囊增大11例（胆囊癌1例、肝门胆管癌1例、胆总管癌5例及壶腹周围癌4例）,MRCP和MRI的诊断敏感度为90.90%（10/11）,特异度为81.81%（9/11）。结论：胆囊增大可由良、恶性胆囊疾病与肝外胆管梗阻性病变引起,MRCP和常规MRI联合检查有助于明确病因诊断。     

Protective effects of oyster extract against hepatic tissue injury in alcoholic liver diseases

Oyster extract is an effective bioactivity component. It has abundant nutritional value and antiviral, antitumor and immune defense functions. The role of oyster extract in treating liver injury has been paid more attention. We use Wistar rats to make alcoholic liver disease model through injecting alcohol into rats' stomachs. These rats were randomly divided into five groups: model group, control group, low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose experimental group with a dose of 0.12 g kg-1, 0.40 g kg-1, and 1.20 g kg-1 alcoholic. After nine weeks, serum biomarkers(ALT, AST, TG and TCHO), malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione(GSH), C3a, C5a, IL-17, TNF-ɑ, anti-MAA-HAS IgG, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK cell activation and zinc content were assessed. The results showed that the serum biomarkers(ALT, AST, TG and TCHO), MDA content, anti-MAA-HSA IgG, serum C3a, C5a IL-17 and TNF-ɑ levels of oyster extract treatment groups were significantly decreased in comparison with model group. On the contrary, GSH showed adverse trend. Serum CD3+, CD4+ and NK cell activation were significantly increased in middle-dose group and high-dose group compared with model group, and there was decrease of CD8+ activity in high-dose group. Plasma Zn level was decreased in model group compared with that in control group. Meanwhile, Mean plasma Zn levels increased dramatically following the dose increase of a given oyster extract.     

三种主要干扰造成中国森林植被向大气中的碳排放量

对重要干扰过程导致森林植被向大气中的碳排放量进行评估,对于合理评估森林碳汇功能及其在应对全球气候变化中的作用是有重要意义的。本文基于有关森林干扰发生情况的林业统计资料和有关干扰引起生物量C转移过程与比例的假设条件,估算了近20年来采伐、火灾与病虫鼠害三种主要干扰每年从森林植被直接排放到大气中的C量。结果表明,近20年来,中国森林遭受了比较强烈的采伐、火灾与病虫鼠害干扰,并且这三种干扰在进入21世纪后有着比较明显的增加趋势。相应地,在1990-2009年间,采伐、火灾与病虫鼠害的C排放量年均分别为3425.16万tC、161.29万tC、428.80万tC,合计为4015.24万t。三种干扰的总C排放量在1990-1999年间年均为3079.40万t,在2000-2009年间年均为4951.09万t。从不同森林类型分布区的排放来看,中国森林主要干扰的年均C排放量及其年代际变化呈现比较明显的区域特征。干扰对中国森林碳平衡有着重大影响,针对干扰的森林管理可能具有较大的增汇潜力,并且在未来有关森林与陆地生态系统碳收支的模型研究中需考虑主要干扰的影响。     

灰色系统理论在绵阳市作物病虫害预测中的应用

作物病虫害的综合管理是一个多因素的复杂系统,针对这一特点,本文全面阐述了灰色系统模型的建立与预测方法,建立了作物病虫害测报中的GM（1,1）模型,测报准确性较高,模型模拟检验精度达到I级水平,发展系数〈0．3,可用于该地区作物病虫害作中长期预测。     

季节变化和气象要素变化与呼吸道疾病关系及预防措施初探

根据钦州市2003年气象要素及该市某综合医院2003年患呼吸道疾病的门诊住院病例医疗统计资料,分析季节变化及气象要素变化与呼吸道疾病的关系,提出合理利用气象条件对呼吸道疾病采取的预防保健措施。     

Sources and threats of chronic tissue loss on coral reefs in the Lakshadweep Islands,Indian Ocean

Tissue degradation and resulting mortality are major threats to coral reefs around the world. Information on interactions of the major environmental factors that mediate tissue loss and mortality in coral reefs is of great importance. It is essential to understand the prevailing reef health conditions and to develop appropriate management actions. In the present study, a series of benthic surveys conducted in the Lakshadweep Islands revealed the interaction of major biological factors in causing tissue loss and mortality. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed interactions of various environmental scenarios. Tissue loss was prevalent in islands with high cover of massive corals (m = 20.91) and low in islands dominated by branching corals (m = 0.61). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed black band disease (β = .59; p < .001) and algal interactions (β = .48; p < .001) to be major factors responsible for coral mortality caused by tissue loss in the region.     

南京市心脑血管疾病的医疗气象预报研究

以2003年1月至2008年7月南京市某医院的心脑血管逐日就诊人数为样本,首先根据其时间分布特征采用虚拟变量选择包含节假日等的22个非气象因子,然后通过逐步回归法筛选气象因子和非气象因子,得到最终模型的解释变量,采用支持向量机(SVM)回归方法分别构建了南京市心、脑血管疾病预测模型。将就诊人数分为5个等级,通过反查,模型针对心、脑血管疾病在同一等级和差一等级的准确率分别为87.91%和84.62%,实际预测结果较好,证明该模型具有较高的实际应用价值。     

雅鲁藏布江大峡谷地区环境地球化学与地方病

雅鲁藏布江大峡谷地区地方性群发性骨骼生育疾病严重影响区域居民健康和经济社会发展。中国地质调查局在雅鲁藏布江大峡谷腹地部署了波密幅墨脱县幅区域地球化学调查．成果表明．大峡谷地区环境地球化学特征是生命元素Fe、P、Ca、Mg、Mn、Co、Zn偏低，Cu、Mo、Cr、V、Ni明显偏低，毒性元素Ba、Be、Sr、Li偏高，U、Th明显偏高．P／F、Sr／Ca、Ba／Ca比例失调。地方病的发生与环境地球化学质量低下有密切关系。大峡谷地区板块运动造成的大规模物质交换和特殊的地球化学景观是环境地球化学质量低下和地方病产生的深层次原因。     

CT导引T胸部病变穿刺活检体会

目的：研究CT导向胸部病灶穿刺活检的方法及应用价值，材料与方法：83例中，脑内病变70例，纵膈病变10例，胸壁及胸膜病变3例，穿刺针为肺活检针，共穿93针，结果：穿刺成功率为100％，取材病理检验效果，理想占80．7％，可行占13．3％，总可靠率为94．－％，不可靠6．0％，结论：精确的定位，熟练的技术及病人的良好配合可提高穿刺成功率和取材的可靠性。