气候变化对栾川工农业生产的影响

20世纪90年代以来,栾川县降水持续偏少,蒸发量增大,湿度减小,干旱发生的频率明显增多,强度加强。干旱导致的水资源紧缺,严重影响工业生产,造成粮食减产、农业生产成本加大、森林病虫害蔓延和森林火灾频发。加大植树造林、退耕还林的力度,调整农业产业结构,实施人工增雨,开发空中水资源,是应对气候变化的有效措施。     

河南省南部地区生态地球化学评价

河南省南部是全国地方病多发区之一,如何改变环境条件,抑制地方病的发生与蔓延是各级政府亟待解决的问题之一。根据河南省南部地区(1:20万商城县、固始县幅)区域地球化学调查资料,对本区生态环境进行了初步评价。提供了40种元素地球化学成果资料,为生态地球化学研究提供了必要的地球化学前提。     

Ballast water as a vector of coral pathogens in the Gulf of Mexico: the case of the Cayo Arcas coral reef

The discharge of nutrients, phytoplankton and pathogenic bacteria through ballast water may threaten the Cayo Arcas reef system. To assess this threat, the quality of ballast water and presence of coral reef pathogenic bacteria in 30 oil tankers loaded at the PEMEX Cayo Arcas crude oil terminal were determined. The water transported in the ships originated from coastal, oceanic or riverine regions. Statistical associations among quality parameters and bacteria were tested using redundancy analysis (RDA). In contrast with coastal or oceanic water, the riverine water had high concentrations of coliforms, including Vibrio cholerae 01 and, Serratia marcescens and Sphingomona spp., which are frequently associated with “white pox” and “white plague type II” coral diseases. There were also high nutrient concentrations and low water quality index values (WQI and TRIX). The presence of V. cholerae 01 highlights the need for testing ballast water coming from endemic regions into Mexican ports.     

Contamination status and accumulation profiles of organotins in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) found dead along the coasts of California, Washington, Alaska (USA), and Kamchatka (Russia)

Organotin compounds (OTs) including mono- to tri-butyltins, -phenyltins, and -octyltins were determined in the liver of adult sea otters (Enhydra lutris) found dead along the coasts of California, Washington, and Alaska in the USA and Kamchatka, Russia. Total concentrations of OTs in sea otters from California ranged from 34 to 4100ng/g on a wet weight basis. The order of concentrations of OTs in sea otters was total butyltins>total octyltins> or = total phenyltins. Elevated concentrations of butyltins (BTs) were found in some otters classified under 'infectious-disease' mortality category. Concentrations of BTs in few of these otters were close to or above the threshold levels for adverse health effects. Total butyltin concentrations decreased significantly in the livers of California sea otters since the 1990s. Based on the concentrations of organotins in sea otters collected from 1992 to 2002, the half-lives of tributyltin and total butyltins in sea otters were estimated to be approximately three years.     

福建省养殖鳗鲡细菌性疾病的调查与防治

自１９９３年１１月－１９９５年６月，对福建省养殖鳗鲡的细菌性疾病进行了调查，共调查到８种细菌病，本文介绍各种细菌病的流行病学。诊断方法及防治措施。     

广州老年人小病慢病“旁路”就医行为及其影响因素

基于广州13个社区问卷调查数据,运用多元线性回归模型探讨老年人“旁路”就医距离特征及其影响因素,结果发现：1）广州老年人小病及慢性病旁路就医距离以1 km为“就地—旁路”临界点,以5 km为“近旁路—远旁路”临界点,形成核心—边缘旁路就医圈层;2）男性老年人比女性老年人旁路就医距离更远;3）居住社区类型是影响旁路就医距离的关键因素,医疗级配不均对旁路就医距离远近影响较大,也是城乡社区老年人旁路就医距离差异化的重要原因;4）对社区越满意的老年人更倾向选择社区内就地就医。倾向特征、使能资源和医疗需求共同影响老年人旁路就医行为的距离远近,进而影响老年人健康公平结果。     

甘肃省小麦主要病虫害及预报方法概述

介绍了甘肃省冬、春小麦主要病虫害的分布特点、危害程度以及发生、流行的适宜气象条件;并简要阐述了目前常用的建立预测病虫害模型的原理及方法。     

网箱养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)疾病与环境因子的关系

根据2001-2005年对舟山市网箱养殖大黄鱼的养殖情况、发病情况、死亡情况和海区环境因子的监测以及收集的气象资料,对疾病与环境因子的关系进行了研究,探索了环境因子及其变化对大黄鱼发病率的影响.结果表明,大黄鱼的发病率和发病类型与气温、风速有关:发病率与水温(>20℃)、悬浮物、化学耗氧量(chemical oxygen depletion,COD)、细菌数均呈显著的正相关,与透明度呈显著的负相关.通径分析显示,对大黄鱼发病率直接效应最大的是水温,其次是风速.通过分析,推测引起舟山市网箱养殖大黄鱼疾病多发的主要原因是网箱养殖本身造成的水体污染,从而提出了舟山市网箱养殖大黄鱼疾病预防的主要措施.     

气候变化对媒介传播性疾病传播影响的评估模型

旨在综述评估各类模型在媒介传播性疾病中的应用前景。首先对媒介传播性疾病的流行及其与气候特征间的相关关系进行了分析,在此基础上综述了评估模型的种类与评估方法,包括气候因子决定性模型和数理统计学模型两大类,并分别以疟疾、血吸虫病和登革热等3种媒介传播性疾病为例,列举了两类模型在这些疾病中的应用与评估方法。最后提出了气候变化对媒介传播性疾病传播影响的未来研究方向和重点, 今后研究要评估气候变化对疾病传播造成的已有影响,预测未来影响范围与强度及预见未来变局,并提出科学的适应对策。