闽西南地区块状硫化物矿床的喷流-沉积成矿作用

通过对闽西南地区石炭纪—早二叠世主要块状硫化物矿床的区域成矿背景、贮矿层位特征以及矿石矿物成分、结构构造,硫同位素地球化学特征、成矿温度等分析研究,指出该地区石炭纪—早二叠世块状硫化物矿床的形成多与海底火山活动有关,贮矿层中伴有典型的喷流沉积岩—硅质岩,并提出闽西南地区块状硫化物矿床存在海底喷流-沉积成矿作用的新认识。     

现代海底块状硫化物矿床储量估算方法探讨

海底块状硫化物矿床具有巨大的经济价值和良好的开发前景。但是由于勘探难度和技术手段的限制,在全球已经发现的600多个海底热液喷口和硫化物矿床中,不到5%的矿床进行了详细的勘探,进行资源量计算的矿床更是屈指可数。选择适当的方法估算储量对于深海资源开发意义重大。本文系统总结了前人估算海底硫化物储量的方法,并以勘探程度相对较高、数据资料相对丰富的Atlantis-II-Deep矿床和Solwara 1矿床为例,评析了前人采用不同储量计算方法得到的结果和各种方法计算的准确性;针对有一定钻孔数据的TAG硫化物堆丘,采用距离反比法重新计算了储量,并和块段法估算的结果进行对比。得到以下结论:(1)海底硫化物矿体形态是制约储量估算方法适用性的一个重要因素;(2)传统几何法可以在极低勘探条件下估算海底硫化物储量量级;(3)对于海底硫化物储量估算,地质统计学的精度高于传统几何法;(4)较高勘探条件下距离反比法可以与地质统计学相互对照、验证;(5)在一定钻孔数量的条件下,可以应用距离反比法进行海底硫化物储量估算。     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS IN JINCHUAN SUPER-LARGE SULFIDE COPPER-NICKEL DEPOSIT, JINCHANG CITY, GANSU PROVINCE, CHINA

The platinum-group element geochemistry of rocks and ores from Jinchuan super-large copper-nickel sulfide deposit is systemically studied in this paper. The Cu/Pd mean ratio of Jinchuan intrusion is lower than that of original mantle magma, which indicates that these ultrabasic rocks were crystallized from magma that lost Pd in the form of melting segregation of sulfides. The PGE of the rocks show trend of partial melting, similar to that of mantle peridotite, which shows that magma formation occurs during rock-forming and ore-forming processes. The chondrite normalized PGE patterns of the rocks and ores are well related to each other, which signifies the signatures of multi-episode magmatic intrusion, melting and differentiation in the formation processes of rocks and ores. In addition, analyses about the relation between PGE and S, and study on Re-Os isotopes indicate that few contamination of the crustal substances occurred during the magmatic intrusion and the formation of deposit. However, contamination by crustal substances helps to supply part of the S for the enrichment of PGE. Meanwhile, the hydrothermal process is also advantageous for the enrichment of PGE, especially lbr Pt and Pd, due to deep melting segregation. The characteristic parameters （such as Pt/（Pt＋Pd）, （Pt＋Pd）/（Ru＋Ir＋Os）, Pd/Ir, Cu/（Ni＋Cu）, and so on.） for platinum-group elements for Jinchuan sulfide copper-nickel deposit show the same features as those for sulfide copper-nickel deposit related to basic magma, which also illustrates its original magma property representative of Mg-high tholeiite. Therefore, it is the marie （not ultramafic） magma that resulted in the formation of the superlarge sulfide copper-nickel deposit enriched in Cu and PGE. To sum up, the geochemical characteristics of platinum-group elements in rocks and ores from Jinchuan copper-nickel sulfide deposit are constrained by the continental rift tectonic environment, the parent magma features, the enriched mantel magma source, the complex metallogenesis and PGE geochemical signatures, and this would be rather significant for the study about the genetic mechanism of copper-nickel sulfide deposits.     

胶州湾李村河口沉积物中硫化物形成的控制因素

在胶州湾李村河口,对多个短柱状岩芯沉积物中的有机质（有机碳和有机氮）、酸可挥发性硫化物（AVS）、黄铁矿及活性铁等进行了分析。结果表明,样品的有机质含量较高,有机碳含量为0．16％～3．21％,有机氮含量为0．002％-0．2％;6个短柱状样的AVS含量变化较大：198．4—0．4umol／g,平均35．6umol／g;活性铁含量为47．5～169．3umol／g,平均91．4umol／g;黄铁矿含量为14．8～41．0umol／g,平均28．7umol／g。通过计算沉积物中活性铁的黄铁矿化度（DOP）与硫化度（DOS）指标,及分析各参数间相关性,发现以下现象：（1）胶州湾李村河口沉积物中的活性铁被转化为硫化物的程度较高,被转化为黄铁矿的程度较低,沉积物中的黄铁矿得到了较好保存。DOP不适宜用作河口区氧化还原状态的判断指标,DOS对氧化还原状态的响应更加灵敏;（2）距河口较近的区域,受李村河河水的影响较大,易分解有机质供应充足,AVS大量形成,其向黄铁矿的转化并不充分,活性铁成为硫化物形成的控制因素。距河口较远的站位,活性铁含量相对充足,有机质含量相对不足,因此有机质含量成为硫化物形成的控制因素,AVS向黄铁矿的转化比较充分;（3）有机质尤其是易分解有机质含量是李村河口硫化物形成、活性铁富集及其黄铁矿化度的主要控制因素。AVS的形成主要受到有机氮的限制,而黄铁矿的形成主要受到有机碳的限制。因此,河流输入物质对河口区沉积物中C、S和Fe的循环具有显著的影响。     

Age and depositional environment of the Draa Sfar massive sulfide deposit, Morocco

The Draa Sfar mineralization consists of two main stratabound orebodies, Sidi M’Barek and Tazacourt, located north and south of the Tensift River (“Oued Tessift”), respectively. Each orebody is comprised by at least two massive sulfide lenses. The hosting rocks are predominantly black shales, although minor rhyolitic rocks are also present in the footwall to the southern orebody. Shales, rhyolitic volcanic rocks, and massive sulfides are all included into the Sarhlef Series, which is recognized as one of the main stratigraphic units of the Moroccan Variscan Meseta. Hydrothermal activity related with an anomalous thermal gradient, together with a high sedimentation rate in a tectonically driven pull-apart marine basin, favored the accumulation of organic-rich mud in the deepest parts of the basin and the sedimentary environment suitable for massive sulfide deposition and preservation. This took place by replacement of the hosting unlithified wet mud below the sediment–water interface. Geochemical data suggest a sedimentary environment characterized by oxic water column and anoxic sediment pile with the redox boundary below the sediment–water interface. The low oxygen availability within the sediment pile inhibited oxidation and pyritization of pyrrhotite. Biostratigraphic analysis, based on the palynological content of the hosting black shales, restricts the age of the sulfides to the Asbian substage (mid-Mississippian). This age is consistent with earlier geochronological constraints.     

青海省夏日哈木铜镍矿床岩石地球化学特征及其意义

新发现的青海省夏日哈木超大型镍矿床,在国内是仅次于金川岩浆铜镍矿床的第二大矿床。矿区发育5个镁铁-超镁铁岩体,目前仅Ⅰ号镁铁-超镁铁岩体内发现了具有经济价值的超大型矿体,其他4个岩体多为镁质橄榄岩及榴辉岩,是多种构造体制叠加岩浆活动的结果。分析发现Ⅰ号岩体所有岩石的SiO2含量为34.11%~54.28%,其m/f值为2.01~4.93,属铁质系列的镁铁-超镁铁岩石。通过对橄榄石Fo值与Ni含量研究表明,存在多期次的岩浆成矿作用,橄榄石Fo值与Ni含量正相关和负相关的协变关系,说明存在早期硫化物不混溶作用。结合区域年代学综合分析认为,夏日哈木超大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的形成,是早泥盆世早期岩浆活动于柴达木盆地边缘东昆仑造山带夏日哈木地区具体的成矿表现。在其Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体的深部,仍具有较大的找矿潜力,而其他3个镁铁-超镁铁质多以镁质橄榄岩为主,不具备镍矿成矿条件,可能没有发现铜镍矿的经济价值。     

利用扫描电镜-电子探针研究四川杨柳坪镍铜硫化物矿床铂钯的赋存状态及沉淀机制

本文利用电子探针和配备能谱分析功能的扫描电镜对四川杨柳坪镍-铜硫化物矿床中铂钯的赋存状态进行了研究。结果表明,铂以独立矿物相砷铂矿和自然铂存在;钯以碲化物、碲铋化物、碲锑化物、锑化物及自然钯独立矿物相存在,也以类质同象形式分布在碲镍矿中(钯含量约10%),另外还以锑铋钯碲矿、六方锑碲钯矿、碲钯矿独立矿物相存,并以类质同象形式分布在Vavrinite(钯含量5%)和砷铂矿(钯含量1%~5%)中。杨柳坪矿床中铂钯元素沉淀与贱金属矿物(BMS)及晚期热液蚀变矿物蛇纹石、方解石密切相关,其沉淀经历了3个阶段:1早期高温阶段(1200~900℃),铂钯元素沉淀并包裹在BMS中;2中期中高温阶段(650~250℃),分离结晶作用使铂钯元素沉淀并分布BMS矿物的边部,同时该阶段热液来源的铂钯元素沉淀于BMS粒间;3晚期热液蚀变阶段(500~300℃),热液蚀变作用引起铂钯元素沉淀在蚀变矿物中或嵌布在BMS裂隙。本文研究成果为认识该矿床及同类型镍-铜硫化物矿床的铂钯成矿过程提供了新的依据。     

湘西北寒武系沉积型镍钼矿成矿物质来源

湘西北寒武系含矿丰富,在寒武系下统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系中赋存有磷矿、石煤、钒矿、铀矿,并有有色金属钼、镍矿及铂族元素矿物聚集。通过分析总结前人成果资料,探究镍钼矿成矿地质环境条件是在低温环境、有微生物参与及强还原环境中同生沉积,对寒武系沉积型镍钼矿成矿物质来源提出了明确的看法,即成矿物质来源于海底喷流-热水。     

东天山二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁质成矿岩体造岩矿物特征及其成因意义

东天山造山带与镁铁-超镁铁质岩体有关的铜镍硫化物矿床数量多,分布集中,是我国重要的铜镍成矿带之一。成矿岩体多以小岩体群形式产出,由西向东分布有白鑫滩、黄山和图拉尔根3个岩体群,大型矿床主要赋存在黄山岩体群内。本文对3个岩体群内成矿岩体的主要造岩矿物进行了系统的对比研究。成矿岩体的主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石和角闪石以及少量的铬尖晶石和金云母。橄榄石Al温度计计算结果表明,黄山岩体群内成矿岩体的母岩浆结晶温度介于1 143~1 257℃之间,略低于白鑫滩和图拉尔根岩体群(1 283~1 301℃)。单斜辉石压力计算表明成矿岩体的结晶压力相似,介于0.31~0.33 GPa之间。成矿岩体中均富含含水矿物,且单斜辉石结晶早于斜长石,指示成矿岩体的原始岩浆形成于富水环境。成矿岩体的单斜辉石具有较高的Al/Ti值,铬尖晶石和橄榄石具有与岛弧火山岩相似的矿物学特征,结合区域构造演化,认为东天山镁铁-超镁铁质成矿岩体的原始岩浆是被消减板片交代过的地幔部分熔融的产物。矿物学特征对比显示了黄山岩体群内成矿岩体更富斜方辉石和中性斜长石,且具有较低的铬尖晶石Cr~#值和橄榄石Ca含量。结合前人研究成果和相关地球化学数据,认为相对高的混染程度导致了黄山岩体群的母岩浆富SiO_2和Al_2O_3,同时降低了岩浆的结晶温度。