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541.
以当代火山物理的观点和思路对黑龙江省五大连池老黑山火烧山进行了研究。在旧锥锥体上部发现滞后角砾岩,在其下部坡脚发现有涌浪(surge)堆积物的存在,对形成过程和机制做了一些解释。 相似文献
542.
Carbonyl products have been identified and their formation yields measured in the gas phase reaction of ozone with unsaturated oxygenates in experiments carried out at ambient T, p = 1 atm. of purified humid air (RH = 50%) and with sufficient cyclohexane added to scavenge the hydroxyl radical. The compounds studied are the esters methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate and cis-3-hexenyl acetate, the carbonyl crotonaldehyde, the hydroxy-substituted diene linalool, the ether ethylvinyl ether and the keto-ether trans-4-methoxy-3-buten-2-one. The alkene 1-pentene was included for comparison. The nature and formation yields of the carbonyl products from this study and those measured in earlier work under the same conditions are compared to those of alkenes and are supportive of a reaction mechanism that is similar to that for the reaction of ozone with alkenes, i.e. O3 + R1R2C=CR3X (R1COR2 + R3XCOO) + (1 – )(R3COX + R1R2COO), where Ri are the alkyl substituents, X is the oxygen-containing substituent (–CHO for aldehydes; –C(O)R for ketones; –C(O)OR and –OC(O)R for esters; –OH and hydroxyalkyl for alcohols; and –OR for ethers), R1COR2 is the primary carbonyl, R3COX is the other primary product and R1R2COO and R3XCOO are the carbonyl oxide biradicals. The biradicals lead to carbonyls in reactions that are also analogous to those involved in carbonyl formation from biradicals in the ozone-alkene reaction. These features make it possible to predict the nature and formation yields of the major carbonyl products of the reaction of ozone with unsaturated oxygenates that may be components of biogenic emissions. 相似文献
543.
Laboratory incubation of alkenone mixtures with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and di-tert-butyl nitroxide (radical initiator) in hexane, as a means to simulate alkenone autoxidation processes, rapidly led to the formation of allylic hydroperoxides, whose presence was recently demonstrated in Emiliania huxleyi cells. After incubation in seawater and subsequent reduction with NaBH4 (to reduce residual hydroperoxides before analysis), these reaction products quickly disappeared and were replaced by complex mixtures of n-alcohols, fatty acids, alkyldiols and hydroxyacids. Methyl alkenones produced saturated n-alkan-1-ols and fatty acids ranging from C13 to C16 and two series of C13−C16 (ω-1)-hydroxyacids and (1,ω-1)-diols. Ethyl alkenones also afforded C13−C16 saturated n-alkan-1-ols and fatty acids, accompanied by the production of C14−C17 (ω-2)-hydroxyacids and (1,ω-2)-diols. Deuterium labelling allowed us to show that most of the n-alkan-1-ols, hydroxyacids and alkyldiols resulted from the reduction during the NaBH4 treatment of the corresponding aldehydes, ketoxyacids and ketoxyaldehydes formed from heterolytic or homolytic cleavages of allylic hydroperoxyl groups resulting from the oxidation of the double bonds of di- and triunsaturated alkenones. Amongst these products, the (ω-1)- and (ω-2)-hydroxyacids formed after NaBH4 reduction of the (ω-1)- and (ω-2)-ketoxyacids were selected as potential biomarkers for alkenone autoxidation. Re-examination of lipid extracts of post-bloom seawater particulate matter samples from the DYFAMED station in the Ligurian Sea (where strong autoxidative alteration of the lipid distributions had previously been detected) showed the presence of significant amounts of 12-hydroxytetradecanoic, 13-hydroxytetradecanoic, 14-hydroxyhexadecanoic and 15-hydroxyhexadecanoic acids thus providing good evidence that these autoxidative processes occur in natural samples. 相似文献
544.
545.
Karol Kuliński Joanna Święta-Musznicka Andrzej Staniszewski Janusz Pempkowiak Małgorzata Latałowa 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,38(4):555-567
The quantity and quality of lignin phenols (Σ8, Λ, S/V, C/V and (Ad/Al)v) in the sediments of three small Lobelia lakes with neither inlets nor outlets were investigated and compared with palynological data and lithology of the profiles.
The method of alkaline CuO oxidation was used. Substantial differences with respect to sedimentary lignin concentration and
provenance recorded along the profiles and among the sites are in good agreement with pollen data describing the dominant
type of vegetation and with indices of soil erosion in the lakes’ catchments. This relation shows that the compositions of
lignin degradation products in these lakes are closely related to the local environmental conditions. In all the lakes gymnosperm
wood is the main source of lignin products; however, each lake is characterized by different S/V index values. Especially
good correlations were obtained between pine pollen proportions in sediments and the S/V index. The correlation between the
C/V and (Ad/Al)v indices indicates a higher degradation of organic matter when non-woody tissue is more abundant. This pilot study illustrates
the usefulness and potential for a wider application of lignin oxidation products in palaeoecological reconstructions. This
kind of data would be of special importance when investigating local presence/absence of woody plants and the role of angiosperms/gymnosperms
in local vegetation. Estimates of lignin biodegradation levels, as well as the data on diagenetic processes, may afford supplementary
information on possible disturbances in sedimentation. 相似文献
546.
为挖掘雷达应用潜力、充分发挥雷达的整体建设效益,山东省气象局进行了雷达产品的实时拼图和实时远程调用研发工作。通过宽带网实时收集、存贮雷达产品,增置省级雷达产品服务器、建立辅PUP,实现了山东全省5部新一代天气雷达及邻省周边雷达每6分钟一次实时拼图产品和雷达产品远程调用。对于省级气象台所关注的范围,拼图产品能有效地监测预警辖区内各种尺度天气系统的移动和演变;对于局地性强的中小尺度对流天气,雷达产品远程调用能实现CINRAD/SA雷达PUP上的重定中心、局部放大、动画显示、光标联接、地图和产品叠加等功能,对于远距离下级台站的精细预报的指导是十分有用并且可行的。从国家信息中心获取周边邻近雷达的产品信息,对于及时了解上游及周边天气情况非常有用。 相似文献
547.
Tsutomu Sato Isao Machida Makoto Takahashi Taro Nakamura 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(4):809-823
Water was sampled from eight springs and a lake in volcanic Miyakejima Island of Japan after the 2000 eruption. Major chemical
and isotopic compositions of the water were analyzed. Significant increases of sulfate ion are observed in several springs
where the thickness of ejecta exceeds 32 mm. A good relationship of Cl/S mole ratios between spring water and leachate of
the ejecta is observed. Sulfur isotopic compositions of the spring water become close to that of leachate of the ejecta as
time elapses after the eruption. Consequently the sources of the added sulfate ion in the spring water after the eruption
are interpreted to be anhydrite and adhered sulfur of the ejecta. 相似文献
548.
张鄞 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2003,26(3):8-10
对2002年6月16~18日、21日巴州地区出现的大范围的降水天气过程,重点从环流形势、物理量场以及数值预报产品的应用等方面作了初步分析,得出了一些有益的结论。 相似文献
549.
F. Melen E. Mahieu R. Zander C. P. Rinsland P. Demoulin G. Roland L. Delbouille C. Servais 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,29(2):119-134
Total vertical column abundances of carbonyl fluoride (COF2) have been derived from observations made at the International Scientific Station of the Jungfraujoch (ISSJ; altitude 3.58 km, latitude 46.5°N, longitude 8.0°E), Switzerland. A systematic analysis of two microwindows containing lines of the 1 band was performed, based on a large set of high resolution infrared solar absorption spectra recorded with Fourier transform spectrometers, from 1985 to 1995. Examination of the whole available database indicates a significant increase of the burden of COF2 during the 1988–1995 period. The average exponential rate and the average linear rate referenced to 1992, calculated from daily mean measurements, are both equal to (4.0 ± 0.5)% yr-1 (one error). The results are also evaluated and discussed within the context of seasonal variability and correlation between carbonyl fluoride and hydrogen fluoride (HF) columns above the ISSJ. 相似文献
550.
A study has been conducted to examine the OH-initiated degradation products of toluene in the presence of sub part-per-million levels of NOX. The experiments were conducted in a dynamic reactor to minimize the conversion of the aromatic compounds while allowing a sufficient mass of products to be collected for analysis. The major primary products detected in the toluene system (with molar yields) include glyoxal (0.238), methylglyoxal (0.167), o-cresol (0.120), benzaldehyde (0.06), 4-oxo-2-pentenal (0.03), and p-cresol (0.03). Six other reaction products, most being ring cleavage products, were measured at yields below 3%. Corrections for secondary OH reactions with the products were made where necessary. The formation of the cresol isomers was found to be invariant to the NO2 concentrations which indicates that under atmospheric conditions the initial hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical reaction with NO2 is a minor process and that most of the reaction occurs with O2. The product yields found in this study are expected to be representative of those that occur in the urban atmosphere at ambient NO2 concentrations. 相似文献