Pseudo‐dynamic testing with substructuring at the ELSA Laboratory

The paper describes the distinctive features of the pseudo‐dynamic test method as implemented at the ELSA reaction‐wall facility. Both hardware and software aspects are considered. Particular attention is devoted to the digital control system and to a coupled numerical–experimental substructuring technique allowing realistic earthquake testing of very large structures. Mathematical and implementation details corresponding to this testing technique are given for both synchronous and asynchronous input motion. Selected test results illustrate the advantages of the presented features. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hybrid formulation of operator splitting (OS) and Newmark‐β methods for collaborative structural analysis (CSA)

A collaborative structural analysis (CSA) system is developed, which is capable of performing highly sophisticated structural analyses utilizing beneficial features of existing individual structural analysis programs. In the system, the global equations of motion for the overall structural system are formulated in the host program. Some substructures, whose behaviors are relatively simple, are directly solved in the host program, whereas those having complex behavior are analyzed by the station programs. A time‐consuming static condensation procedure is needed for the substructures analyzed by the station programs if adopting an implicit integration scheme. The operator splitting (OS) method, which does not require tangential stiffness, can be used to improve the system efficiency. To this end, a hybrid formulation of the Newmark‐β and OS methods is proposed, and a CSA scheme based on the hybrid formulation is developed. In the CSA system adopting the hybrid formulation, the degrees of freedom whose tangential stiffness are unavailable are formulated by the OS method, whereas the rest are still formulated by the commonly used Newmark‐β method. Using the system, analyses of a three‐story‐braced steel moment‐resisting frame are conducted. In the analyses, the column bases are analyzed using the commercial finite element method software ABAQUS, and the remaining structural elements are analyzed using a frame analysis program called NETLYS. Results suggest that the hybrid formulation is very effective for the CSA system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大气动力学方程组的定性理论及其应用

基于完整的湿大气动力学方程组,利用无穷维动力系统的新理论和新方法,系统讨论了强迫耗散的非线性大气系统的定性理论及其应用。将完整的强迫耗散非线性湿大气动力学方程组化为Hilbert空间中一个等价的算子方程,研究了算子的性质及其物理意义,在此基础上得到湿大气系统全局吸引子的存在性定理,揭示出系统向外源的非线性适应特征,并把结果推广到有地形动力作用和非定常外源强迫的情形。同时探讨了大气方程组惯性流形的存在,大气多平衡态产生的根源以及强迫、耗散和非线性对系统解的渐近行为的影响。在理论结果的基础上,提出强迫耗散的非线性动力系统中存在三类时间边界层、方程组简化准则、分解算法的算子约束原则以及支撑吸引子基底的少数自由度的构造方法,探讨了理论在非线性发展方程差分格式的设计和计算稳定性分析、多平衡态的数值分析、数值模式延伸预报的改进、短期气候预测以及一类中尺度系统分析与预测中的应用,指出描述长期过程动力学模式的必备条件,给出初值与模式相协调的合理解释。最后,对今后的研究方向作了展望。     

机载碘化银发生器燃烧室残留物成分分析

通过对碘化银发生器残留物样本化学分析,残留物附着规律及其成因研究,最后提出了减少残留物的对策。     

基于Delta算子的航天器自主交会鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计

针对有限通信情形下航天器自主交会的故障检测问题,提出了基于Delta算子的鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计方法.采用C-W方程来描述航天器间的相对运动模型,通过Delta算子方法对其进行离散化处理得到系统的离散模型.在故障检测滤波器设计中,考虑信号量化和数据丢包同时存在的情况,并且采用随机伯努利序列来描述数据丢包现象.最后,基于LMI方法给出故障诊断存在的充分条件,并通过数值仿真验证了所设计滤波器的有效性.     

THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL FORCING,DISSIPATION AND NONLINEARITY ON THE SOLUTIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC EQUATIONS*

Based on the primitive equations of the atmosphere,we study the effects of external forcing.dissipation and nonlinearity on the solutions of stationary motion and non-stationary motion.The results show that the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the forced dissipative nonlinear system is essentially different from that of the adiabatic non-dissipative system,the adiabatic dissipative system,the diabatic non-dissipative system and the diabatic dissipative linear system,and that the joint action of external forcing,dissipation and nonlinearity is the source of multiple equilibria.From this we can conclude that the important actions of diabatic heating and dissipation must be considered in the models of the long-term weather and the climate.     

初始场估计共轭同化方法的精确化

通过例子,说明对偏微分方程模型使用共轭同化方法时,同周期性条件的重要性,提出尽可能精确地使用共轭同化方法于偏微分方程模型的办法及对有些方程不含ｅ↓ｕ／ｅ↓项时,其相应差分方程模型精确共轭同化方法。     

Representations of inverse covariances by differential operators

In the cost function of three- or four-dimensional variational data assimilation, each term is weighted by the inverse of its associated error covariance matrix and the background error covariance matrix is usually much larger than the other covariance matrices. Although the background error covariances are traditionally normalized and parameterized by simple smooth homogeneous correlation functions, the covariance matrices constructed from these correlation functions are often too large to be inverted or even manipulated. It is thus desirable to find direct representations of the inverses of background error correlations. This problem is studied in this paper. In particular, it is shown that the background term can be written into f dx|Dv(x)|^2, that is, a squared L2 norm of a vector differential operator D, called the D-operator, applied to the field of analysis increment v(x). For autoregressive correlation functions, the D-operators are of finite orders. For Gaussian correlation functions, the D-operators are of infinite order. For practical applications, the Gaussian D-operators must be truncated to finite orders. The truncation errors are found to be small even when the Gaussian D-operators are truncated to low orders. With a truncated D-operator, the background term can be easily constructed with neither inversion nor direct calculation of the covariance matrix. D-operators are also derived for non-Gaussian correlations and transformed into non-isotropic forms.     

无人机核线影像的稀疏匹配与稠密匹配

无人机影像转化为水平核线影像后,能够有效地减少同名点的搜索空间。在此基础上,本文使用SIFT算子进行了稀疏匹配,并用BP算法进行了稠密匹配。结果表明：①SIFT算子获取的同名点比较少,但是计算方法简单,同名点空间坐标精确,适用于大范围获取简要的空间三维信息;②BP算法计算复杂度高,可以获取地物大量的同名点,适用于小范围的地物三维重建。总体而言,两者各有优缺点,在实际的应用中可互补。     

利用居民地聚类和缓冲区分析完善道路网眼

对于十分规则的道路网(城市道路)来说构造网眼是十分容易的,且得到的道路网眼完整性较高,然而对于乡村道路,由于数据采集习惯或数据质量的影响,道路在居民地附近容易断开,导致计算机不能构造完整的网眼。本文针对这个问题,提出了利用居民地聚类和缓冲区分析的方法辅助道路网眼的构建,从而提高了乡镇郊区道路网眼的完整性,为采用网眼合并的方式进行综合的方法,以及各种基于网眼的空间分析提供了有效支撑。