湖南祁东清水塘铅锌矿床成矿物质来源同位素示踪

清水塘铅锌矿床位于湖南省祁东县北东部,是一个中型矿床。在详细的野外地质调查基础上,本文通过矿石硫、铅同位素,含矿石英氢、氧同位素和含矿方解石碳、氧同位素等综合研究,探讨清水塘铅锌矿床成矿物质来源和成因。硫同位素研究结果表明,清水塘铅锌矿床中黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿的硫同位素δ~(34)S介于-7.41‰~2.91‰之间,重晶石的硫同位素δ~(34)S介于11.49‰~12.34‰之间,表明矿石中的硫主要来源于深源岩浆,并受到上部地壳物质的混染。黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿的Pb同位素~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb介于17.810~18.710之间,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb介于15.497~15.726之间,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb介于37.858~38.834之间;其中闪锌矿变化范围略偏大,表明矿石中的铅主要来源于地壳,可能混有少量地幔物质。含矿石英的氢、氧同位素δD_(SMOW)介于-87.4‰~-79.3‰之间,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)介于-8.10‰~0.63‰之间,表明成矿流体以岩浆水为主,晚期有大气降水的混入。含矿方解石的碳、氧同位素δ~(13)C_(VPDB)介于-5.3‰~-4.6‰之间,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)介于12.30‰~13.48‰之间;与地层灰岩的δ~(13)C_(VPDB)(0.9‰~2.6‰),δ~(18)O_(SMOW)(21.86‰~23.39‰)不一致;说明成矿流体中的碳主要来自深源岩浆。以上研究表明,清水塘铅锌矿床的成矿物质主要来自地壳熔融形成的岩浆,混合作用是成矿的主要机制。     

通化盆地下白垩统烃源岩石油地质特征及生烃潜力研究

通化盆地是松辽盆地东部外围的油气远景区之一,烃源岩发育特征和生烃潜力等问题未知,制约着盆地基础油气资源研究和后续油气资源勘探部署工作。为揭示通化盆地下白垩统烃源岩生烃潜力和页岩油气的赋存状态,在盆地内部署通地1井,对岩芯样品进行系统取样,完成了暗色泥岩有机质丰度、类型和成熟度的测试工作。实验结果表明,通化盆地下白垩统亨通山组暗色泥岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型为主,局部含有Ⅲ型,镜质组反射率分布范围为0.972%~1.127%,已进入大量生烃的成熟阶段;下桦皮甸子组暗色泥岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅰ型为主,局部含有Ⅱ和Ⅲ型,镜质组反射率在0.986%~1.399%之间,已进入大量生烃的成熟阶段。其地球化学特征和世界上许多页岩油气田的烃源岩有相似之处,综合研究表明通化盆地下白垩统具有较好的常规油气和页岩气生成潜力。     

Geochemical behavior during mineralization and alteration events in the Baiyinchang volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits,Gansu Province,China

The Zheyaoshan deposit is the largest within the Baiyinchang (BYC) volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) district, located in the northern Qilian orogenic belt of North China. The deposit is hosted by quartz keratophyre tuffs, with wall-rock alteration mainly comprising chlorite, sericite, quartz, pyrite and epidote. Mineral assemblages within the altered host rocks can be divided into a sericite-quartz-dominant assemblage (sericite-silicified zone), a chlorite-dominant assemblage (chlorite-dominant zone) and a pyrite-dominant assemblage (mineralized zone) based on geochemical analysis and alteration characteristics. We have conducted detailed processing and critical analysis of the geochemical data of both the altered and least-altered host rocks in order to investigate the problem of closure in the geochemical dataset to eliminate the influence that each component has on the other in terms of mass change, and have applied the standardized method of the mass change calculation to analyze this data. The results show that: (1) the sericite-silicified zone formed along fissures due to the ingress of hydrothermal fluids, with MnO₂, Na₂O and CaO being mobilized into the hydrothermal fluids leached and MgO, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, K₂O, BaO deposited. Additionally, Ag, Cu and chalcophile elements (Ag, As and Bi) were enriched while Pb, Zn and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) (Cs, Sr, Eu, Be) were mobilized into hydrothermal fluids; (2) the physiochemical conditions and pH levels of the hydrothermal fluids changed during sericitization, with MgO, Fe₂O₃, BaO being further enriched and MnO, Na₂O, CaO further depleted, leading to formation of chlorite and the initial precipitation of metallogenic the (Cu, Zn, Pb) and chalcophile elements (Ag, As, Bi); (3) the negative Eu anomaly was mainly due to its strong activity when Eu is mobilized into the hydrothermal fluids during since plagioclase break-down during the sericite-silicification process; (4) AI and CCPI values gradually increase towards the orebody. The chlorite-dominant assemblage and sericite-quartz-dominant assemblage on the periphery of the chlorite-dominant zone can all be used as vectors towards the volcanic massive sulfide orebody and for regional-scale mineral exploration. Either leached elements or enriched elements can be considered as significant indicator elements and as prospective indicators for geochemical exploration within the BYC district. The Eu anomaly may be especially useful as an indicator for distinguishing the least-altered rocks which has great significance for exploration on the regional scale.     

Detrital zircon U–Pb ages and whole-rock geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic Paulistana and Santa Filomena complexes,Borborema Province,northeastern Brazil: implications for source area composition,provenance, and tectonic setting

The Paulistana and Santa Filomena Complexes are situated in the southern part of the Borborema Province (northeastern Brazil), in the Riacho do Pontal Orogen, and represent meta-volcano-sedimentary sequences. We present compositional variations in the metasedimentary rocks and new U–Pb detrital zircon data. Major and trace elements indicate that the metasedimentary rocks from the Paulistana and Santa Filomena Complexes are composed mostly of immature to mature sediments derived from felsic-intermediate sources with moderate to slightly high chemical weathering. The geochemical signatures of the sediment protoliths for both complexes are characteristic of continental magmatic arc settings with minor contribution from recycled sediment sources. The source area for the Paulistana Complex rocks follow the compositional trend between calc-alkaline granites and granodiorites, whereas the Santa Filomena Complex rocks have a more restricted composition trending to more granodioritic sources. For the Paulistana Complex, two main source ages were identified: (1) Tonian (ca. 950 Ma – sample RPE-58) and Tonian–Stenian (ca. 1.0 Ga – sample RPE-103). These data coupled with geochemical information suggest that the Cariris Velhos arc system was the main source area for the Paulistana Complex. Regarding the Santa Filomena metasedimentary rocks, potential source-areas include: (1) Neoarchaean rocks (~2.6 Ga) represented by the adjacent basement rocks of the Riacho do Pontal Orogen; (2) Rhyacian–Orosirian rocks (2.2–2.0 Ga) of the Riacho do Pontal Orogen and the Pernambuco–Alagoas terrain, which include an augen-gneiss with arc-related geochemical signature; (3) Statherian granites (1.7–1.6 Ga); and (4) Cariris Velhos crust (1000–920 Ma). The metasedimentary rocks of the Paulistana Complex were deposited in a rift stage (ca. 900 Ma), which is related to the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. The metasedimentary rocks of the Santa Filomena Complex most probably were deposited in another rift stage (ca. 750–700 Ma) and could be correlatives of the rift formation of the Canindé Domain (Sergipano Orogen).     

秦岭太白山南麓降水中常量无机离子特征及其来源研究

以2011年11月至2014年9月连续采集的74个有效降水样品为研究载体,运用趋势分析法和相关分析法分析太白山南麓黄柏塬地区降水中常量无机离子（NH₄⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、Cl^-、F^-）的化学特征,并结合富集因子法、端源贡献法及后向气流轨迹模型探究其来源。结果表明：研究区降水中各离子浓度大小顺序为Ca²⁺ > SO₄^2- > NH₄⁺ > NO₃^- > K⁺ > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Cl^- > F^-,主要阳离子是Ca²⁺和NH₄⁺,共占阳离子总量的76.21%,主要阴离子是SO₄^2-和NO₃^-,共占阴离子总量的90.83%。降水总离子年平均浓度为404.64 μeq·L^-1,相对于国内外已研究的其他高山站点偏高,表现出典型的大陆型及人为源干扰的特征。受排放源、气象因子、植被、降水量等因素影响,降水总离子浓度表现出显著的季节差异,依次为冬季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 夏季。源解析结果显示降水中SO₄^2-和NO₃^-95%以上由人为源贡献,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺主要来源于地壳风化,Na⁺海盐源和非海盐源贡献约各占一半,K⁺主要来自于非海盐贡献,而F^-和NH₄⁺则几乎全部由人为源贡献。不同路径气团影响下的降水离子组分具有明显不同,北方气团途径太原、石家庄、北京、兰州等工业发达城市,工业燃煤交通废气排放量大,降水中SO₄^2-、NO₃^-浓度均偏高,离子总浓度也明显高于南方气团。     

羌塘盆地石炭—二叠系烃源岩地球化学特征讨论

长期以来,羌塘盆地烃源岩的研究一直限于中生代地层,而对其古生代地层生烃能力一直缺乏系统研究。针对这一问题,本文选择羌塘盆地石炭—二叠系8条剖面的暗色泥岩及碳酸盐岩样品,对其从有机质丰度、有机质类型和热演化程度等方面进行了有机地球化学特征的分析。研究发现,石炭—二叠系可能烃源岩类型包括泥岩和碳酸盐岩两种,其分布总体上受沉积相的控制,碳酸盐岩烃源岩可能为局限台地相发育的泥晶灰岩,而泥质烃源岩主要为三角洲及斜坡相发育的暗色泥岩及凝灰质泥岩。石炭—二叠纪泥岩有机碳含量较高,具有较好生烃能力,大多达到烃源岩标准,尤其是刻莫石炭系剖面及贡日二叠系剖面,大多为中等—好烃源岩。碳酸盐岩有机碳含量总体比较低,为非烃源岩。石炭—二叠系碳酸盐岩烃源岩有机质类型为Ⅱ1型,泥质烃源岩有机质类型主要为Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型。石炭—二叠系烃源岩热演化程度总体较高,除盆地东部刻莫石炭系剖面处在成熟阶段外,大都处在高成熟—过成熟阶段,非常有利于天然气的生成,具备良好的天然气勘探前景。     

塔里木盆地玉北地区埋藏史及热史分析

根据地层分层数据和古热流分析,对塔里木盆地玉北地区的5口代表性钻井进行了埋藏史、热史的模拟与分析,探讨了研究区烃源岩的热演化成熟过程,初步划分了烃源岩的成熟阶段和生烃期次。研究结果认为：玉北地区寒武系－泥盆系沉积时期,具有多次沉积埋藏和隆升剥蚀的交替;泥盆系沉积之后,石炭－二叠系呈现沉积埋藏的特征;中生代在玉北地区东部少量沉积三叠系,随后被剥蚀,而在中西部发生沉积间断;进入新生代,地层持续沉积,且沉积速率呈现增大趋势。研究区寒武系烃源岩自沉积以来成熟度演化相对连续,奥陶纪时进入生烃门限,成熟时期较早;志留－泥盆纪,受海西早期运动的影响,发生隆升剥蚀作用,烃源岩演化变缓;石炭－二叠纪受控于区域上持续稳定的地层沉积与广泛发育的火山活动,研究区寒武系烃源岩进入中高成熟阶段;由于喜马拉雅造山运动的远程效应,新生代研究区持续沉降,形成巨厚沉积,烃源岩成熟度达到高－过成熟,为天然气生成阶段     

黔西罐子窑铅锌矿床Pb同位素研究及地质意义

罐子窑铅锌矿床位于川、滇、黔铅锌成矿区东缘,矿体赋存于上泥盆统-下石炭统的白云质灰岩和白云岩中,呈似层状或陡倾斜脉状产出。在分析该矿床成矿地质条件的基础上,系统研究了矿石和围岩的Pb同位素组成特征,探讨了成矿时代与成矿物质来源。研究结果表明,该矿床矿石Pb同位素组成稳定,属于正常普通铅,利用H-H法计算获得了矿脉铅的主模式年龄150~169 Ma。研究表明该矿石Pb模式年龄应该代表矿床成矿年龄,反映Pb主成矿期在燕山期,燕山期NE向断裂(带)控制着本区铅锌矿体(点)的分布。同位素示踪结果显示本区矿石Pb同位素具有多来源特征,不同时代的碳酸盐岩围岩和基底岩石均为罐子窑铅锌矿床提供了成矿物质。综合研究认为,川、滇、黔铅锌成矿区内铅锌成矿具有多阶段、多旋回性,构造与同位素年代学均揭示,该成矿区存在较大规模的燕山期铅锌成矿作用,在今后的找矿研究工作中应当充分重视。     

基于地貌分类的黄河源区多年冻土层地下冰储量估算

地下冰作为多年冻土区别于其他土体的显著特征,对寒区水文、生态环境和工程建设等都有深刻影响。为准确估算多年冻土层地下冰储量,基于黄河源区地貌及其成因类型,结合岩性组成、含水率等105个钻孔的野外实测数据,估算了黄河源区多年冻土层3.0~10.0 m深度范围内地下冰储量,并讨论了浅层地下冰的空间分布特征。研究结果表明:黄河源区多年冻土层3.0~10.0 m深度范围内地下冰总储量为（49.62±17.95） km3,平均单位体积含冰量为（0.293±0.107） m3/m3;在水平方向上,湖积湖沼平原、冰缘作用丘陵等地貌单元含冰量较高,而侵蚀剥蚀台地、冲洪积平原等地貌单元含冰量较低;在垂向上,多年冻土上限附近含冰量较高,并随深度呈减小的趋势。     

湖北京山地区大隆组沉积特征与烃源岩的关系

湖北京山大隆组出露甚好,根据沉积特征,该组为一套海退序列的沉积,其下部沉积环境为外陆棚沉积,上部沉积环境为内陆棚沉积。由于外陆棚紧靠大陆坡,极易发育上升洋流。处于这样的海退时期,带来了生物群的更新,由早期的放射虫变为大量藻孢子,无疑为高有机质、高生产力来源打下了良好的基础,极有利于京山大隆组广阔范围内优质、优良质烃源岩的发育。