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101.
铁晶砂胶结新型岩土相似材料的研制及其应用 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9
根据地质力学模型试验的相似原理,经过大量力学试验,研制出一种新型铁晶砂胶结岩土相似材料。该材料由铁矿粉、重晶石粉、石英砂、石膏粉和松香酒精溶液按规定配比均匀拌和压实而成,其中铁矿粉、重晶石粉和石英砂作为主料,松香酒精溶液作为胶结剂,石膏粉作为调节剂。材料力学参数测试表明：该材料具有重度高、力学参数变化范围广、性能稳定、价格低廉、干燥快速、制作工艺简单、无毒无害等显著优点,可用来模拟从软岩到硬岩的大部分岩体材料。将铁晶砂胶结岩土相似材料应用于沪―蓉―西高速公路大型分岔隧道三维地质力学模型试验研究,有效地揭示了分岔隧道围岩的力学变形特性。 相似文献
102.
Within the framework of the second‐order work theory, the onset of instabilities is explored numerically in loose granular materials through three‐dimensional DEM simulations. Stress controlled directional analysis are performed in Rendulic's plane, and a particular attention is paid to transient evolutions at the microscale. Thanks to a micromechanical analysis, the onset and development of transient mechanical instabilities is explored. It is shown that these instabilities result from the unjamming and bending of a few force chains associated with a local burst of kinetic energy. This burst of kinetic energy propagates to the whole sample and provokes a generalized unjamming of force chains. As force chains buckle, a phase transition from a quasi‐static to an inertial regime is observed. At the macroscopic scale, this results in a transient softening and a loss of controllability. After the collapse of existing force chains, the development of plastic strain is eventually stopped as new stable force chains are built. 相似文献
103.
T.J. Moser 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2006,50(3):399-416
Boundary-value raytracing problems can be concatenated to a smooth one-parameter family of problems, that can be solved by
continuation. This has been the purpose of point-to-curve raytracing. A global approach, based on algorithms taken from computer
graphics (algebraic rasterization of implicit curves), has several advantages. Subject to relatively mild assumptions-Lipschitz
continuity of the emergence point as function of initial parameters-all solution branches are found, there are no problems
with initialization, bifurcation, or closed loop solutions. The algebraic rasterization benefits to boundary value raytracing
problems in a wide range of applications: shot-to-profile shooting, VSP raytracing, normal raytracing, and more. The algorithm
is sufficiently robust to continue even beyond points where the Lipschitz continuity does not apply, such as faults. 相似文献
104.
Andrzej Hanyga 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,148(3-4):387-420
Point-to-curve ray tracing is an attempt at dealing with multiplicity of solutions to a generic boundary-value problem of ray tracing. In a point-to-curve tracing (P2C) the input parameters of the boundary-value problem (BVP), such as the ends of the ray, are allowed to vary along a curve. The solutions of the BVP automatically wander from one solution branch to another generating a nearly complete multi-valued solution of the BVPs.A procedure for transforming an arbitrary iterative algorithm, solving a ray tracing BVP to a corresponding P2C algorithm, is presented. Bifurcations of the solution curve of the P2C problem at caustics are studied and an algorithm for obtaining the bifurcating branches is developed. In particular, transition from real rays to complex rays in a caustic shadow offers an additional link between otherwise disconnected solution curves of the P2C problem. The topological structure of a generic solution curve and its implications for the algorithm are studied. 相似文献
105.
Abstract Marked oscillations in wind speed, wind direction and pressure with periods of between 5 and 15 minutes were recorded on a number of occasions and it is assumed that they were produced by atmospheric gravity waves. Gossard and Munk (1954) have shown that the phase velocity of a gravity wave can be calculated using wind and pressure fluctuation data from a single station by means of the “impedance equation”. It is also possible to measure the phase velocity of a gravity wave using an array of microbarovariographs. In this investigation, the phase velocity of gravity waves calculated using these two different methods are compared and the feasibility of deriving wave characteristics from single point measurements is discussed. The results show that, while in a few isolated cases the two velocities agree reasonably well, the application of the impedance equation to data from a single station is limited due to the superposition of local wind systems upon the wave-induced perturbations. 相似文献
106.
Yuki Yamakawa Kiyohiro Ikeda Isao Saiki Jacques Desrues Reiko J. Tanaka 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(1):3-33
Shear bands with characteristic spatial patterns observed in an experiment for a cubic or parallelepiped specimen of dry dense sand were simulated by numerical bifurcation analysis using the Cam‐clay plasticity model. By incorporating the subloading surface concept into the plasticity model, the model became capable of reproducing hardening/softening and contractive/dilative behavior observed in the experiment. The model was reformulated to be compatible with the multiplicative hyperelasto‐plasticity for finite strains. This enhanced constitutive model was implemented into a finite‐element code reinforced by a stress updating algorithm based on the return‐mapping scheme, and by an efficient numerical procedure to compute critical eigenvectors of elastoplastic tangent stiffness matrix at bifurcation points. The emergence of diamond‐ and column‐like diffuse bifurcation modes breaking uniformity of the materials, followed by the evolution of shear bands through strain localization, was observed in the analysis. In the bifurcation analysis of plane strain compression test, unexpected bifurcation modes, which broke out‐of‐plane uniformity and led to 3‐dimensional diamond‐like patterns, were detected. Diffuse bifurcations, which were difficult to observe by experiments, have thus been found as a catalyst creating diverse shear band patterns. 相似文献
107.
Christopher R. Hackney Stephen E. Darby Daniel R. Parsons Julian Leyland Rolf Aalto Andrew P. Nicholas James L. Best 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(2):349-362
Bifurcations are key geomorphological nodes in anabranching and braided fluvial channels, controlling local bed morphology, the routing of sediment and water, and ultimately defining the stability of their associated diffluence–confluence unit. Recently, numerical modelling of bifurcations has focused on the relationship between flow conditions and the partitioning of sediment between the bifurcate channels. Herein, we report on field observations spanning September 2013 to July 2014 of the three‐dimensional flow structure, bed morphological change and partitioning of both flow discharge and suspended sediment through a large diffluence–confluence unit on the Mekong River, Cambodia, across a range of flow stages (from 13 500 to 27 000 m3 s?1). Analysis of discharge and sediment load throughout the diffluence–confluence unit reveals that during the highest flows (Q = 27 000 m3 s?1), the downstream island complex is a net sink of sediment (losing 2600 ± 2000 kg s?1 between the diffluence and confluence), whereas during the rising limb (Q = 19 500 m3 s?1) and falling limb flows (Q = 13 500 m3 s?1) the sediment balance is in quasi‐equilibrium. We show that the discharge asymmetry of the bifurcation varies with discharge and highlight that the influence of upstream curvature‐induced water surface slope and bed morphological change may be first‐order controls on bifurcation configuration. Comparison of our field data to existing bifurcation stability diagrams reveals that during lower (rising and falling limb) flow the bifurcation may be classified as unstable, yet transitions to a stable condition at high flows. However, over the long term (1959–2013) aerial imagery reveals the diffluence–confluence unit to be fairly stable. We propose, therefore, that the long‐term stability of the bifurcation, as well as the larger channel planform and morphology of the diffluence–confluence unit, may be controlled by the dominant sediment transport regime of the system. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
108.
Ma Shengli Liu Liqiang Ma Jin Liu Tianchang Wu XiuquanInstitute of Geology SSB Beijing China 《中国地震研究（英文版）》1998,(2)
It is revealed in frictional experiments on medium-scale samples that period doubling bifurcation of stress drop for stick-slip occurs due to macroscopic heterogeneity of the sliding surface under conditions for typical stick-slip.The observed data show that the period doubling bifurcation of stress drop results from the alternate occurrence of strain release along the whole fault and along part of fault.This implies that complicated nonlinear behavior corresponds to clear physical implication in some cases. 相似文献
109.
吕宋海峡是南海与外界水交换的重要通道,黑潮作为北太平洋最强的1支西边界流,在经过吕宋海峡时会对南海北部的环流和环境产生重要影响。本文用1991—2011年期间CTD断面实测资料和高度计资料,提取23.0~25.5 kg/m3等密度面之间的盐度极大值,研究了南海北部不同年月盐度极大值变化、黑潮入侵方式与强弱,以及盐度极大值变化与北赤道流分叉点南北移动的关系,结果表明:(1)黑潮入侵南海方式多样,既有分支形式,也有弯曲、流套形式。(2)不同年月间,黑潮入侵南海的强弱存在较大差别,120°E断面的次表层盐度极大值的变动可超过0.3。(3)北赤道流分叉点位置的南北变动对黑潮入侵南海的强弱具有重要影响:北赤道流分叉点位置偏北,黑潮入侵南海较强;北赤道流分叉点位置偏南,则黑潮入侵相对较弱。 相似文献
110.
小间距隧道爆破动力特性试验研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
分岔隧道是一种新型隧道结构形式。以漆树槽分岔隧道为工程背景,进行了掘进爆破的围岩震动效应试验,通过不同掏槽结构下爆破震动作用隧道围岩衬砌质点振动速度的频谱分析与质点振动速度幅值的分布情况分析,对小间距公路隧道混凝土衬砌及其围岩在爆破地震波作用下的力学特征进行论述,重点研究了小间距隧道中隔墙及爆破掌子面的震动特性及变化规律。试验与分析结果表明,（1）中墙迎爆侧为振速峰值区,以水平径向振速最大,且沿着中墙走向呈现规律性变化;（2）掏槽孔爆破产生的地震效应最为强烈,其震动强度是扩槽眼和周边眼的2倍左右;（3）衬砌振速主振频率主要分布在低频段,以20～95 Hz为集中频段,高频地震波衰减极快;（4）同一测试断面中最大振速峰值出现在拱顶和边墙中部位置的概率最大,且大小比较接近,爆破掌子面附近的振速不适合萨道夫斯基预测公式,受爆破夹制及自由面的影响较大。 相似文献