屈服矿柱渐进破坏及应力分布数值模拟

采用拉格朗日元法,在矿柱端面上不存在水平方向摩擦力条件下,模拟了屈服矿柱的剪切带图案、渐进破坏特征、水平应力及垂直应力分布及演变。在弹性阶段,煤的本构关系为线弹性。峰值强度后煤的本构模型取为莫尔库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的应变软化模型。数值计算结果表明,矿柱具有渐进破坏特征。破坏首先以剪切带的形式发生在矿柱的4个角上。然后,矿柱两帮的剪切带逐渐向矿柱内部发展,形成两套剪切带网络,直到两套网络重叠,并进一步演化。倾斜的剪切带多次穿透矿柱。当矿柱处于峰值强度后,矿柱水平及垂直应力分布曲面已经变得凹凸不平。凹陷、凸起区分别对应剪切带中心及边缘。矿柱中部的水平应力较边缘大。因此,其边缘的强度较中心低。严格地讲,水平及垂直应力的分布不是单调的,呈现锯齿型。其原因是矿柱发生了条带状局部破坏。矿柱承载能力的不均匀性由矿柱水平应力的不均匀性所决定。     

浙江省作物产量气象预测服务系统研究

浙江省作物产量气象预测服务系统是浙江省农业气象业务服务系统的子系统。采用集资料处理、产量分析、组建产量预测模式、实时预测等功能于一体,操作简便,自动程度高。经１９９４￣１９９６年使用表明,系统服务效果较好。     

零通量方法原位测定给水度

本文简略介绍了零通量面（ＺＦＰ）方法原位测定给水度的原理、计算,并给出了在银北平原江南试区人工调控地下水位条件下和天津万军套洼试点天然条件下应用ＺＦＰ方法原位测定给水度的具体实例。结果表明,给水度测定值与测参历时有关,对单一岩性而言,其值逐渐增大,经过相当时间后将趋于某一稳定值,其原因是非饱和带释水存在滞后作用,所以它也是反映不同释水过程的一个参数,其值是在一个范围内变化。另外给水度测定值与包气带及潜水位变动带的岩性有关,土层质地越粘重给水度值越小,包气带释水的滞后作用影响越明显。同时,潜水位降落的起始位置不同对多层地质结构的给水度测定值影响也不同。而且给水度的测定值还与潜水埋深及包气带土壤剖面初始含水量有关。     

REGIONALIZATION FOR LARGE AREA CROP ESTIMATES BY REMOTE SENSING——A Case Study of Chinese Wheat

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灰色系统理论在估产中的应用：以吉林省梨树县为例

以吉林省梨树县为例,阐述了利用灰色系统进行了玉米气象估产的方法,其中包括用ＧＭ（１,１）模型进行了趋势产量预测,用灰色关联度分析方法确定主气象因子群,以及利用ＧＭ（１,１）进行气象产量预测等。     

芒果稳产高产综合技术研究

为了探讨芒果丰产技术,消除生产中的大小年现象,通过使用合理修剪、施肥和病虫防治,隔年施一次15％多效唑（PP333）15～30g／株,于10月份土施并保湿2周,摘除2月上旬前抽出的花芽,使花期推迟至3月中旬以后等技术,试验的4．4km2果园连续4年丰收,平均年产29169．5kg／km2。     

The supporting capability of Water and land resources for sustainable increase of yield in North China Plain

ＴｈｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｉｎｇｃａｐａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｌａｎｄｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｆｏｒｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｏｆｙｉｅｌｄｉｎＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａＰｌａｉｎＺＨＡＮＧＨｏｎｇｙｅＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,...     

Effective porosity and specific yield of a sedimentary rock determined by a field tracing test using tritium as a tracer

Effective porosity value was analyzed from the tritium concentration of sampled groundwater using a three-dimensional groundwater-flow and advection-dispersion code based on the finite element method. The effective porosity value was about 10%. Porosity values measured from core samples were 7–15%. The groundwater flow velocity estimated from the tritium concentrations was about 1 × 10^–5 cm s^–1. Therefore, during the low groundwater flow velocity condition, effective porosity and porosity values were the same. At the same test site, a 0.48% effective porosity value, determined by another tracer test injecting Br^– solution into the aquifer during groundwater level change, was smaller than the porosity value when the flow velocity was 1.8×10^–2 cm s^–1. Thus the effective porosity value is concluded to be due to groundwater flow velocity. The specific yield value was calculated to be 0.6% by the total volume of tunnel seepage water and the total volume of the rock unsaturated during tunnel construction. However, as pore water continued to be drained after the groundwater level change was completed, the specific yield value became larger than 0.6%. Thus specific yield value is concluded to be due to drainage time.     

现行几个主要产流模型的剖析

目前广泛应用的几个主要产流模型各有特点，但以往对它们的综合比较及其相互关系研究得不多，从而造成了用户选择模型的困难。通过深入剖析与对比，搞清了这几个模型之间的联系与区别，以及应用中需要注意的问题，一般情况下，应优选用综合产流模型。     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE VARIATION FEATURES OF GRAIN YIELD OF CHINA IN RECENT 40 YEARS

ThespatialdistriblltionofcropcultivatedinChina,especiallyofcroptyPes,vanetiesandcroppingsystems,lspnnclpallydeterm1nedbyclimaticcondltions,andarelatlvestableconcentratedroponaldistributionpattemhasbeenformedinrecat4Oyears.Temporally,cropWeldshowsanincrementaltrendandanoscillationpattenlonlargeandmesialtimescalesbecauseoftheianuenceofagnculturaltechnologyandsoclalfaCtors,respeCtively.ThesharPvariationofaghculturalproduCtsinquantityandqualityfromyeartoyearispnnc1pallycausedbyclimate.This,onth…