江淮地区夏季极端日降水事件变化特征及其与Rossby波活动的联系

利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料和中国国家级地面气象站基本气象要素日值数据集,研究了1979～2016年(38年)夏季江淮地区区域性极端日降水事件的统计特征及其与Rossby波活动的联系.结果 表明:在38年夏季(6～7月)中,江淮地区区域性极端日降水量的95百分位阈值为33.95 mm d-1,且共有63次极端日...     

两层正压准平衡海洋模型的中纬度定常风场强迫解

建立了风场强迫下考虑瑞利摩擦的水平二维两层正压准平衡海洋模型,并在中纬度大尺度理想风场强迫的情况下,进行了解析求解。结果表明,在西风急流强迫下,在理想海洋的西海岸以东的上层流场上,在西风急流处会出现较强的东向流;在接近β通道侧壁处则有西向逆流出现;在近西海岸处,在上述东向流的两侧有气旋性曲率与反气旋性曲率的流动;而下层流场的强度与上层流场大致相同,但流向大体相反。由理想西风急流异常强迫出的流场异常的分布形式与以上结果类似。与实际风场异常强迫下的北太平洋上层流场异常进行比较后可知,模型得到上层海洋的结果与实际情况有相像之处。最终,该海洋模型的解趋于风场强迫特解。     

地形强迫正压大气异常持续类型的确定及其对可预报性的影响

使用地形强迫正压涡度方程模式的输出资料，讨论了流函数异常EOF展开时间系数的特征时间尺度。由此研究了异常持续类型的确定及其对可预报性的影响问题。结果表明:异常持续类型与环流的演变有十分密切的关系，初始状态环流的结构对可预报性有明显的影响。最后探讨了对中期和延伸期数值预报的可能应用。     

两层正压涡旋稳定性问题分析

本文从柱坐标中线性化的两层均质流体的正压原始方程组出发，从广义能量的角度，研究了该模型中涡旋波的稳定性问题，发现此时不仅可存在广义正压不稳定和超高速不稳定，当上下层扰动厚度场反相时还有新的不稳定类型发生。     

Physical Mechanism and Model of Turbulent Cascades in a Barotropic Atmosphere

In a barotropic atmosphere,new Reynolds mean momentum equations including turbulent viscosity,dispersion,and instability are used not only to derive the KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation but also to analyze the physical mechanism of the cascades of energy and enstrophy.It shows that it is the effects of dispersion and instability that result in the inverse cascade.Then based on the conservation laws of the energy and enstrophy,a cascade model is put forward and the processes of the cascades are described.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONE MOVEMENT WITH THE RELATED CRITICAL POINT PHENOMENON

A study is made of the paths of tropical cyclones under the joint action of environmental flow and heating fields interms of a quasi-geostrophic barotropic model with the thermal forcing and dissipation terms involved,in which 16 ex-periments are designed and integrated for more than 7 model days.Results show that for different parameter values ofthe environmental flow and heating field,and the cyclone scale, such paths as counterclockwise looping, zigzag form andwestward march with an abrupt turning towards the north are reproduced clearly in the model atmosphere,exhibitingtheir critical points of nonlinear character.     

GENERALIZED ENERGY CONSERVATION AND UNSTABLE PERTURBATION PROPERTY IN BAROTROPIC VORTEX

Based on a barotropic vortex model, generalized energy-conserving equation was derived and two necessary conditions of basic flow destabilization are gained. These conditions correspond to generalized barotropic instability and super speed instability. They are instabilities of vortex and gravity inertial wave respectively. In order to relate to practical situation, a barotropic vortex was analyzed, the basic flow of which is similar to lower level basic wind field of tropical cyclones and the maximum wind radius of which is 500 km. The results show that generalized barotropic instability depending upon the radial gradient of relative vorticity can appear in this vortex. It can be concluded that unstable vortex Rossby wave may appear in barotropic vortex.     

准地转大洋风生环流的格子Boltzmann数值模拟

建立了求解准地转相当正压涡度方程的格子Boltzmann (LB)模型. 该模型将准地转相当正压涡度方程作为一个平流-扩散-反应方程来加以处理,在整体二阶精度下,通过Chapman_Enskog多尺度分析法,可将格子Boltzmann方程还原到相当正压涡度方程. 在不同Reynolds数、不同边界条件以及不同风应力驱动下的数值解表明,该模型正确反映了风生环流的基本结构和不同边界的耗散特征,并得到风生环流的多平衡态解等非线性特征. 此外,不同Rossby变形半径下的实验证明,小Rossby变形半径更容易激发环流的非线性模态. 通过与同等类型有限差方案的比较,表明本文的LB模型具有稳定性好、精度高等优点.