球面正压大气的不稳定与南亚夏季风爆发动力机制的探讨

通过球坐标正压原始方程谱点的计算,发现南亚夏季风爆发前有正压不稳定发生,不稳定罗斯贝波其最大增幅位于南半球的西风急流处,可向低纬传播并能在低纬激发出旺盛的积云对流,该积云对流可造成已失稳的大气基本场发生重大调整,从而导致南亚夏季风的爆发.     

海洋环流模式的发展和应用Ⅱ.近海和区域环流模式

回顾了近20年来中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体动力学数值模拟国家重点实验室近海和区域海洋环流模式发展和应用的历程.介绍了正压区域海流模式在中国近海海流数值模拟研究当中的应用以及一个24层、最高水平分辨率为0.25°×0.25°的三重嵌套的中国近海环流模式及其应用.在嵌套模式基础上,基于变分原理,建立了一个中国近海环流的资料同化分析系统.初步结果表明,资料同化提高了模式计算的真实性,所揭示的黑潮的强度和流幅、夏季黄海冷水团的位置等都更接近观测结果.     

正斜压模演变所揭示的武汉暴雨过程

对1998年7月21—22日发生在武汉附近的大暴雨过程的大气正、斜压分量演变过程进行了研究，结果表明：大气流场正压分量的演变与此次大暴雨的酝酿、发展和消亡具有内在的联系；正压分量在暴雨区的演变在一定程度上反映高、低空急流耦合形势；正、斜压平均相对模的演变与暴雨生命史相吻合。     

鄂霍茨克海阻高发展过程的正斜压涡度和涡度拟能的演变特征

用正斜压分解法，对1998年发生在鄂霍茨克海的阻高进行涡度和涡度拟以分析，结果发现：在阻高的不同阶段，正压涡度和正压涡度拟能远大于斜压涡度和斜压涡度拟能且在不同的阶段有着不同的演变过程；在阻塞的酝酿阶段正压和斜压涡度和涡度拟能不稳定增长，且向西南传播；在维持阶段，正压和斜压涡度和涡度拟能的增长达到最大值，阻塞形势建立并维持在阻塞区域内；在消亡阶段，正压涡度和涡度拟能与斜压涡度拟能则呈现出不稳定减少，向东南传播，阻塞崩溃，然后又增长。     

EFFECTS OF TROPOPAUSE AND POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANOMALY ON FRONTOGENESIS

A two-dimensional,semi-geostrophic numerical model incorporating the tropopause andstratosphere is used to investigate the effects of a positive potential vorticity anomaly and latentheat release on the frontogenetic process and the structure of the resulting frontal zone.It isdemonstrated that(1)the inclusion of tropopause and stratosphere significantly changes the frontalstructure only in the upper levels;(2)a clearly defined quasi-equivalent barotropic structure and aregion of upward motion of finite width appear when a positive potential vorticity anomaly exists onthe warm side of the maximum baroclinity in the lower troposphere,especially when it is locatedon the south edge of the baroclinic zone;(3)the above mentioned structure deteriorates as thefrontogenesis proceeds in a dry atmosphere but can be maintained in a moist frontogenetic processwith condensational heating;(4)the combination of a positive potential vorticity anomaly and thelatent heat release is able to accelerate the frontogenesis significantly with the time needed to forman intense frontal zone reduced to less than 15 h.The results have significant theoreticalimportance in understanding the complex nature of frontal structure and frontogenesis,especiallyin understanding the dynamic structure of the subtropical frontal zone observed during earlysummer over East Asia.     

大气的垂直结构与遥相关型

利用球面上20°N以北和20°S以南的500hPa高度场资料研究了大气的垂直结构与遥相关型的关系。结果表明，正压扰动与波列结构的遥相关型一致，而斜压扰动则与带状结构遥相关型一致。     

NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER EQUATION IN THE ROTATIONAL BAROTROPIC ATMOSPHERE AND ATMOSPHERIC BLOCKING

In this paper,the WKB method is used to obtain the nonlinear Schr(?)dinger equation satisfied by nonlinearRossby wave in the rotational barotropic atmosphere.It is found that the nonlinear Schr(?)dinger equation hasan envelope solitary wave solution under the condition 1≤m≤2(m the zonal wavenumber),and the phasespeed of envelope solitary Rossby wave in the atmosphere is related to the square of its amplitude linearly,thatis,the larger the amplitude of envelope solitary Rossby wave,the smaller its propagation speed.Farthermore,the blocking high and cut-off low pressures which are consistent with the observations of blocking in the atmo-sphere are obtained by calculating envelope solitary Rossby wave,and the blocking structures persist more thanfive days,the results demonstrate that the envelope solitary Rossby wave is a possible mechanism about theformation,maintenance and breakout of blocking in the atmosphere.     

NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION IN THE ROTATIONAL BAROTROPIC ATMOSPHERE AND ATMOSPHERIC BLOCKING

In this paper,the WKB method is used to obtain the nonlinear Schrödinger equation satisfied by nonlinear Rossby wave in the rotational barotropic atmosphere.It is found that the nonlinear Schrödinger equation has an envelope solitary wave solution under the condition 1≤m≤2(m the zonal wavenumber),and the phase speed of envelope solitary Rossby wave in the atmosphere is related to the square of its amplitude linearly,that is,the larger the amplitude of envelope solitary Rossby wave,the smaller its propagation speed.Farthermore,the blocking high and cut-off low pressures which are consistent with the observations of blocking in the atmosphere are obtained by calculating envelope solitary Rossby wave,and the blocking structures persist more than five days,the results demonstrate that the envelope solitary Rossby wave is a possible mechanism about the formation,maintenance and breakout of blocking in the atmosphere.     

INSTABILITY PROPERTIES OF ATMOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES

There are some basic problems in previous theoretical studies of baroclinic instability.The derived criticalbaroclinity was considerably lower than the time averaged mean meridional temperature gradient,especially in the lowertroposphere.Also,the linear mechanism of baroclinic disturbance development which is noted restricted by the criticalbaroclinity was not studied sufficiently.The realistic critical baroclinity and disturbance development are discussed inthis study.It will be shown that the critical condition of instability and typical time and space scales of disturbances de-pend on three-dimensional structures of atmosphere and sphericity of the earth,other than the horizontal temperaturegradient alone.The variant behaviour of atmospheric disturbances depends highly on their specific scales that may bedescribed by the same theoretical model.Thus,there would be no substantial differences in the basic instability mecha-nism of many disturbances including the polar lows and explosive cyclones.     

THE LYAPUNOV STABILITY OF NONLINEAR WAVE MOTION IN THE BAROTROPIC NONDIVERGENT ATMOSPHERE

Introducing the concept of pseudo-momentum, a generalized Arnold-Dikii functional is established, and then thesufficient condition for stability of nonlinear wave motion in the barotropic nondivergent atmosphere is derived by useof variational principle. It is found that the stability of nonlinear wave motion depends not only on its streamfield distri-bution, but also on its phase speed for the propagating nonlinear wave motion. Moreover, the stability criterion of trav-elling modon is also obtained, and it is shown that the travelling modon is stable if the scale of disturbance superimposedon the travelling modon remains to be less than that of the travelling modon.