Rapid Determination of Trace Element Compositions in Peridotites by LA‐ICP‐MS Using an Albite Fusion Method

A rapid sample preparation procedure is described to determine trace element compositions of peridotites using LA‐ICP‐MS. Peridotite powders were fused with albite in a molybdenum–graphite assembly to obtain homogeneous glasses. Best conditions for the fusion procedure (heating at 1500–1550 °C for 10–15 min with a sample‐to‐flux ratio of 1:2) were constrained with melting experiments on two USGS reference materials, PCC‐1 and DTS‐2B. Mass fractions of first series transition elements, Ba and Pb, in quenched glasses of PCC‐1 and DTS‐2B are consistent with published data within 10% RSD. Three spinel peridotite xenoliths from eastern China were analysed following both our method and conventional solution ICP‐MS. Compared with solution ICP‐MS, the relative deviations of our method for most elements were within 10%, while for the REE, Ta, Pb, Th and U, the relative deviations were within 20%. In particular, volatile elements (e.g., Pb and Zn) are retained in the glass. Compared with conventional wet chemistry digestion, our method is faster. Additional advantages are complete sample fusion, especially useful for samples with acid‐resistant minerals (spinel and rutile), and long‐term conservation of glasses allowing unlimited repeated measurements with microbeam techniques. The same approach can be used for analyses of other mantle rocks, such as eclogites and pyroxenites.     

基于Sentinel-1SAR数据的南极松岛冰川流速监测

南极入海冰川的流速对了解物质平衡和海平面上升具有重要意义。基于Sentinel-1 SAR数据,利用特征跟踪法提取了2015-2017年松岛冰川的冬夏季流速,分析了冰川流速的年际和季节变化特征。结果表明松岛冰川处于高速流动状态,流速最高达4 400 m·a^-1左右。沿主流线方向,2015-2017年2月（夏季）的平均流速分别是3 502 m·a^-1、3 529 m·a^-1、3 498 m·a^-1。2015-2017年8月（冬季）的平均流速分别是3 473 m·a^-1、3 498 m·a^-1、3 478 m·a^-1。2015-2017年松岛冰川主流线上平均流速为3 450~3 550 m·a^-1,流速总体保持稳定,没有明显变化。2015-2017年松岛冰川流速没有明显季节差异,冬夏季流速大致持平。基于裸露岩石作为控制点的分析表明误差为22~39 m·a^-1,冰川流速监测结果是可信的。     

高邮凹陷真武断裂带西部低级序断层发育规律预测

在应用蚂蚁追踪技术对真武断裂带西部低级序断层进行解释并根据主要断层走向确定阜宁期构造应力方向的基础上,应用构造应力场数值模拟法模拟阜宁期古构造应力的分布,从应力的角度对低级序断层的平面及剖面发育规律进行预测,最后将预测结果与构造解析结果进行对比。研究结果表明,应用蚂蚁追踪技术对低级序断层进行解释获得的蚂蚁属性体断裂痕迹清晰直观,应用效果要优于相干体技术、方差体技术等其他地震属性技术;真武断裂带西部阜宁期最小主应力方向为NW333°-SE153°;低级序断层的发育主要受阜宁期最小主应力及剪应力控制,最小主应力控制断层的优势发育区,平面剪应力控制断层的平面展布,左旋剪应力区主要发育近东西走向断层,右旋剪应力区主要发育北东走向断层,剖面剪应力控制断层的倾向,左旋剪应力区主要发育北倾、西倾断层,右旋剪应力区主要发育南倾、东倾断层。      

Assessment of non-point sources of fecal pollution in coastal waters of Puerto Rico and Trinidad

Traditional and molecular methods (PCR) were used to detect, quantify and identify the source of fecal pollution in coastal sites of Puerto Rico and Trinidad. Enterococci and Escherichia coli standard plate counts were used as a general indicator of fecal contamination while the PCR detection of Bifidobacteria adolescentis and human or bovine specific Bacteroidales were used to examine potential sources. Seven of 14 sites in Trinidad including Maracas Bay which is a major public beach contained significant fecal contamination based on enterococci numbers counts exceeding established thresholds for areas of direct contact. Forty six percent of the 27 stations in Puerto Rico were over the established thresholds for enterococci and 49% according to E. coli counts. About 31% of the stations examined in Puerto Rico had evidence of human derived fecal contamination. Human fecal pollution was detected in only one station from Trinidad. Bovine derived contamination was detected only once.     

商用飞机气象观测温度、风场随机误差分析

随着我国AMDAR资料（商业飞机气象观测）不断增加并已逐步应用于数值天气预报,AMDAR观测资料的质量影响其在天气预报业务中的应用效果。为评估AMDAR数据的质量,利用统计学方法,通过对选定的AMDAR温度及风场观测数据,进行其质量特性量一随机误差均方根的统计分析。分析结果表明：温度的随机误差均方根为0．90℃,风速的观测随机误差均方根为1．24m／s。温度观测随机误差均方根、风速观测误差均方根在边界层较大,边界层以上较小。在300hPa-500hPa气压层达到最小,其温度观测随机误差为0．76℃、风速观测随机误差均方根为1．03m／s。     

二维复杂层状介质中地震多波走时联合反演成像

采用新近提出的多次波射线追踪正演算法,结合共轭梯度法求解带约束的阻尼最小二乘最优化反演问题,分析讨论了利用多震相走时资料进行联合反演成像的方法及技术.考虑到不同震相走时的拾取误差不同,反演算法中引入了不同震相种类数据的权系数; 由于同时反演速度模型和反射界面起伏中不同模型参数变化对走时影响程度的不同, Jacobi偏导矩阵元素中引入了不同参数的归一化因子; 另外,为了克服射线密度过大(或过小)区域速度模型的过度(或欠)更新问题,反演算法中引入了等权射线密度的概念.几种数值模拟实例表明(含噪声敏感性试验): 多波走时的联合或同时反演成像技术是一种提高走时成像空间分辨率,进而降低重建模型失真度行之有效的方法.     

Diagnosis, seismic analysis and reinforcement of an old building in El-Maleh, Algeria

The Northern part of Algeria is considered to be the most active seismogenic area in the Western Mediterranean region. This area has a rich history of seismicity and had experienced many destructive earthquakes such as the Chlef (1954), El-Asnam (1980), Beni-Chograne (1994), An-Temouchent (1999) and recently Boumerdes (2003) earthquakes. The earthquake of An-Temouchent on December 22, 1999, was of magnitude 5.7, killed at least 28 people and made thousands of families homeless. Consequent damage was seen in all the structures located in a radius of 30 km. In the city of El-Maleh, located 12 km northeast of An-Temouchent, the "The National Bank Branch" of El-Maleh suffered moderate damage, but enough to justify questions about its safety. The project of rehabilitating this building required a broad analysis of its static and dynamic, past and present behaviors. The study reported in this paper was a necessary preliminary step toward the development of an optimal retrofit solution.     

注浆材料介电常数在雷达图像识别中的应用

利用探地雷达(GPR)方法探测软土盾构隧道盾尾壁后注浆分布效果时,电磁波在介质中的传播速度是准确识别介质界面的关键。在估计波速时常常将介质的介电常数假设为固定不变的常数,这不符合实际情况。为保证探测图像识别的精度,首次利用网络分析仪对不同配比、不同探测频率和不同龄期下软土隧道壁后注浆材料的介电常数进行了测定,对测定结果进行了基于射线追踪原理的GPR数据二维正演分析,并将分析结果与模拟的探地雷达隧道壁后注浆分布探测结果进行了比较。结果表明,针对不同的探地雷达探测频率而采用相应的介质介电常数来进行探地雷达探测图像的准确识别是十分必要的。     

某水电站导流洞施工涌水分析及预测

简要地介绍了某工程导流洞施工中各部位所出现的涌水现象及其主要特征,从岩体结构和水文地质条件方面分析了涌水发生原因,并进一步根据已有涌水资料及地质条件对可能发生的涌水范围进行了预测。     

两种观测技术综合精密定轨的探讨

利用T／P卫星的SLR和DORIS实测资料,对两种观测技术综合精密定轨中的加权及其对定轨影响的问题作了初步的探讨。根据所提出的一种经验性的加权方法进行了综合定轨计算,结果表明：对于两种不同技术的观测,相对权选取的恰当与否将影响综合定轨的精度;综合定轨的最优加权不仅依赖于观测资料的精度,还与观测资料的多少和几何分布有关;通过选用最优加权,可使得综合轨的精度优于仅用其中一种技术的定轨精度,综合定轨能有效地提高定轨精度。