漳州水仙花农业地质背景初探

水仙花为福建省特色农业之一,简要介绍了漳州水仙花生长特性,初步探讨了水仙花生长区的地貌、地层岩性、水文地质和地球化学背景,建议选择与原水仙花田农业地质背景相似的西洋坪一带作为发展基地。     

A geochemical survey of trace elements in agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil in Dexing area,China

In China, soil pollution is very serious, which has jeopardized the ecology, food safety, the people's health, and even the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to investigate the soil pollution situation, a total of 874 agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil samples were collected from Dexing area, northeast of Jiangxi Province, China. The total elemental concentrations of 17 elements (As, Hg, Mo, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ti, Pb, Fe, Ca, K, Si, Al, Mg, and Na) were determined. The geochemical background and threshold was predicted with the method of the median ± median absolute deviation (MAD). The agricultural soil median concentration of trace elements was similar to that of the non-agricultural soil. In contrast to Jiangxi soil background of trace elements, the geochemical background of the study area was obviously higher. The maps of the pollution indices for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Ti and Zn of non-agricultural soil and agricultural soils in the study area, showed that the highest level of pollution is distributed near and along the Lean River, especially in the neighboring and surrounding Dexing and Leping mining area.     

潞安矿区井下地应力测量及分布规律研究

在山西潞安矿区的13个煤矿采用小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置,完成了60个测点的原岩应力测量工作。实测数据表明：潞安矿区55%的测点最大水平主应力大于垂直主应力,由于受埋藏深度与地质构造影响,矿区内各矿地应力值差别较大,但地应力大小总体上属于中等地应力值;潞安矿区最大水平主应力方向从南到北变化较大,构造应力场呈现出多变的形态。在实测数据的基础上,绘制了潞安矿区地应力分布图;分析了地应力随埋藏深度的变化规律、平均水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值与埋藏深度的关系。煤矿井下地应力测量为井田开拓、巷道布置与支护设计等工程实践提供了可靠的基础参数,提高了工程设计的科学性、合理性与可靠性。     

江西永平铜矿区古构造应力场与构造演化

利用多重反演方法(Multiple Inverse Method,MIM)恢复永平铜矿多期古构造应力场,该方法可以划分形成断层擦痕的多个古构造应力期次.研究表明,永平矿区印支期以来至少受到3期古构造应力场作用,进而探讨了永平铜矿构造演化历史.第一期构造应力场为EW方向的近水平挤压,形成轴向近SN的褶皱,以及走向近南北的逆断层;第二期构造应力场为NW-SE方向近水平挤压,伴随着岩体的侵入,导致层间破碎带的矽卡岩化和矿体形成;第三期构造应力场为EW方向的再次挤压作用,造成控矿断层推覆距离加大,混合岩和矽卡岩破碎带向西逆冲推覆到晚古生代地层之上.     

汶川地震形成位移场的空间分布

采用Yoshimitsu Okada及Steketee的断裂位错模型和汶川地震现有成果,通过坐标转换和合成矢量的方法将断裂位错模型用于映秀—北川断裂、灌县—安县断裂和北川—青川断裂组成的断裂系统的错动研究中,理论上计算龙门山近断裂地区的水平位移场(包括沿走向和垂直走向方向)和垂直位移场从震源到地表的分布.模型参数源于现有的研究成果和野外实地考察,计算得到的地表位移场与先前研究成果,包括GPS实测数据,具有的近似性表明了模型的正确性.但GPS只能测定地表水平和垂直变形,对于地下变形情况及其分布却无法描述;目前对于地下变形的研究主要基于对大量仪器记录的地震资料进行反演或通过野外观测进行推测;但是反演多集中于空间较大范围,这样虽可阐述断裂运动引起的大范围位移趋势,而对于震源附近空间介质位移的描述却略显粗糙;同时,野外观测误差较大.本文通过理论模型计算汶川地震中近断裂区域(距断裂50km)内的位移及分布.由计算发现在近断裂区域内垂直位移场和垂直走向方向位移场变化趋势一样,幅值都是从震源到地表逐渐减小;沿断裂走向方向的水平位移场从震源到地表逐渐变大,同时计算还表明位移场的变化在断裂上盘比下盘剧烈,余震分布主要集中于断裂上盘,这说明余震分布和位移剧烈程度存在某种相关性.     

滇西南普洱强震群地区地壳形变的数值模拟

滇西南普洱一带地质构造复杂,中-强地震成群活动特征明显,地壳的形变特征与形变机制引起了地学界的广泛关注和深入研究。在参考、借鉴以往研究成果的基础上,本文构建了普洱一带包含活动断裂的二维板有限元模型,以GPS测量得到的块体年运动量作为模型区域的边界约束,模拟计算获得了普洱地区的构造形变空间分布,以NEE、NNW 2个方向、从数值模拟角度对普洱地区的水平形变特征和区域地壳垂直形变场进行了分析和探讨。结果表明:在青藏高原东南缘扩展、高原物质重力滑塌型南东向移动的动力学背景下,研究区内NEE向断裂的活动带动牵引NNW向断裂共轭运动,隆升性质的垂直形变场与60年的大区域水准测量结果相吻合,沿NNW向形变场的分布无规律,应是区域应力累积和震后调整双重作用的结果。沿NEE向形变场呈现了较明显的西部大于东部的分布图像,特别是西北部高值区对应了2014年景谷6.6级强震,最后对研究区的区域动力学问题进行了初步探讨。     

Dynamic stochastic estimation of physical variables

A fundamental problem facing the physical sciences today is analysis of natural variations and mapping of spatiotemporal processes. Detailed maps describing the space/time distribution of groundwater contaminants, atmospheric pollutant deposition processes, rainfall intensity variables, external intermittency functions, etc. are tools whose importance in practical applications cannot be overestimated. Such maps are valuable inputs for numerous applications including, for example, solute transport, storm modeling, turbulent-nonturbulent flow characterization, weather prediction, and human exposure to hazardous substances. The approach considered here uses the spatiotemporal random field theory to study natural space/time variations and derive dynamic stochastic estimates of physical variables. The random field model is constructed in a space/time continuum that explicitly involves both spatial and temporal aspects and provides a rigorous representation of spatiotemporal variabilities and uncertainties. This has considerable advantages as regards analytical investigations of natural processes. The model is used to study natural space/time variations of springwater calcium ion data from the Dyle River catchment area, Belgium. This dataset is characterized by a spatially nonhomogeneous and temporally nonstationary variability that is quantified by random field parameters, such as orders of space/time continuity and random field increments. A rich class of covariance models is determined from the properties of the random field increments. The analysis leads to maps of continuity orders and covariances reflecting space/time calcium ion correlations and trends. Calcium ion estimates and the associated statistical errors are calculated at unmeasured locations/instants over the Dyle region using a space/time kriging algorithm. In practice, the interpretation of the results of the dynamic stochastic analysis should take into consideration the scale effects.     

天津板栗品质分析及其立地地质背景研究

板栗是低成本、高效益的经济树种,但其品质地域性差异较大.天津蓟州山区自然条件适合板栗种植.本文从板栗品质指标及其立地地质背景,对天津板栗主产区进行了研究分析.研究表明:天津板栗脂肪含量平均为0.75 g/100g,水分平均为48.78%,可溶性总糖平均为11.53%,蛋白质平均为8.80 g/100 g,维生素C平均为15.18mg/100g,板栗果实中N、K、P、Mg、S、Ca含量高;板栗主产区地层主要为长城系串岭沟组,岩性以暗色页岩、粉砂质页岩为主,土壤中SiO2、K、Corg、N、Fe、B、Mn、Ca含量及pH值非常适宜板栗树生长,有利于果实高品质的形成.     

新疆煤层气资源赋存特征及开发潜力分析

通过对新疆主要煤田的煤炭资源分布特征，煤变质特征及构造特征分析，探讨新疆的煤层气资源赋存特征，对新疆主要煤田煤层气资源的勘探开发潜力进行初步评价，新疆的煤层气基本属于少生中储型，虽然单位含气量较低，但煤炭资源非常丰富，且相对集中，煤气具有较大的勘探开发潜力。     

甘肃公婆泉铜矿区斑岩岩浆起源及成岩成矿大地构造背景

探讨了公婆泉矿区斑岩岩浆起源,论述了该矿区斑岩成岩成矿大地构造背景。研究结果表明,该矿区斑岩岩浆起源属幔壳混合源;斑岩成岩成矿大地构造背景为褶皱造山期。