利用近代微震资料研究地震危险性

利用１９７０～１９９３年华北地区ＭＬ≥２．０的微震资料，根据其地震活动特点，从中挑选了一些有代表性的区域，做其Ｇ－Ｒ关系曲线，由该曲线可得到每个震级的年频次，同时，由该区域的历史地震（１３００－１９９３年）可得到较大震级的实际年频次，两者对比，发现具有很好的一致性。因此，当选取合适的区域时，利用近代微资料可以推测出该区域较大地震的活动情况，但同时有两点注意：（１）利用微震资料进行统计时，得到的得一     

Some observations on suspended sediment dynamics in Storbregrova,Jotunheimen

Observations are reported of the dynamics of suspended sediment transport in the meltstream of Storbreen in the Jotunheimen. Fine sediment is transferred from the subglacial to the proglacial environment during low flow (meltdominated) periods, and then removed from the catchment during high flow (rainfall-controlled) events. Both diurnal and storm period sediment load-discharge relationships involve clockwise hysteresis, but separate multivariate rating curves define variations of load with streamflow according to (1) the relative importance of meltwater and rainfall runoff, and (2) changes in the sediment source areas contributing to the stream at different times. Particle size variations in the suspended sediment also reflect varying source area influences.     

延长地震信息系统生命周期的认识与实践

面对计算机技术的飞速发展,如何尽可能地延长地震信息系统的生命周期,使有限的投入能在罗长时间发挥更大效益,是地震工作者普遍关心的问题,本文通过介绍河北省地震信息系统（ＨＢＥＩＳ）建设与维护的初中和收到的效果,阐述了在系统的规划设计、具体实施、应用开发和维护管理等各阶段应遵从的基本原则。     

四川小金抚边河断裂的晚第四纪活动特征

１９８９年９月２日小金６．６级地震和本次地震的前震（１９８９年３月１日的５．０级）及余震（１９９１年２月１８日的５．０级）均发生于小金两河口－木城附近,这３次地震的震中连线及其等烈度线长轴皆大致呈Ｎ３０°Ｗ方向,暗示着该区存在北西向的活动构造。本在航空照片判译和野外实地调查的基础上,初步查明了抚边河断裂的空间展布特征,通过断错地貌的研究,结合热释光（ＴＬ）的测龄结果,首次发现了抚边河断裂晚第四纪     

四川盆地短历时强降水极值分布的研究

运用广义帕雷托分布(GPD)和广义极值分布(GEV),借助于L-矩的参数估计方法,对四川盆地12站的小时极端降水量进行拟合,并对两种模型的拟合效果进行比较。运用Hill图,结合统计量D*来确定GPD的最佳门限值是合适的,选出的样本是独立的。各站的小时极端降水概率分布均符合GPD和GEV,但GPD模型的拟合精度要优于GEV模型。利用两种模型推算出各站给定重现期的最大小时降水量,其中泸州50 a一遇和100 a一遇的降水极值分位数都超过了100 mm,除了遂宁站外,两种模型估计出的极值分位数的相对误差基本都在10%以下。通过分析,GPD推算的结果更加可靠。     

长江中下游沿江地区暴雨过程综合评估模型及应用

选取长江中下游沿江地区87个站点,利用1957—2007年中国高密度台站地面日降水资料,对长江中下游沿江地区暴雨过程的历史资料进行统计分析,建立长江中下游沿江地区暴雨过程综合评估模型。首先选取平均降水量、降水强度、覆盖范围和持续时间4个指标,并对每个指标进行了正态化转化或Г分布拟合,然后利用相应的分布概率密度函数的反函数确定数年一遇的概率等级作为等级标准,将长江中下游沿江地区的暴雨过程划分为5个等级,最终运用权重分析法建立了暴雨过程综合评估模型。应用此模型对1999年6—8月的5次暴雨过程进行了试评估,结果表明,该模型评估效果较好,可以在实际业务中应用。     

华南前汛期福建一次致洪暴雨过程的中尺度结构特征

利用FY-2E卫星云顶亮温资料、全国加密自动站资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2010年6月19～20日华南前汛期福建一次特大暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统的演变及其结构特征进行了分析和讨论。结果表明,特大暴雨发生在稳定的环流背景下,整个过程有4个主要的中尺度对流系统,沿着低层切变线东移和发生、发展,为强降水的发生提供了有利条件;高层辐散和低层辐合促进了强降水区中的上升运动,低层辐合的水汽在强上升过程中释放凝结潜热,进一步促进了水汽的上升运动和低涡的发展,是强降水发生的动力特征;地面不稳定能量和西南暖湿气流在强上升运动作用下,与中高层沿等θse线向低层侵入的干冷空气在对流层中层相遇并形成锋区,是特大暴雨过程的热力特征;湿位涡的诊断分析表明,对流不稳定和条件性对称不稳定的发展促使强降水区附近的涡旋发展,上升运动的加强,对强降水的发生和持续起了重要作用。     

Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Late Permian coals from the Songzao Coalfield, Chongqing, southwestern China

Mineralogy and geochemistry of the four main workable coal seams (No.6, No.7, No.8, and No.11) of Late Permian age from the Songzao Coalfield, Chongqing, Southwest China, were examined using in- ductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), cold-vapor absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS), ion-selective electrode (ISE), scanning electron mi- croscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results showed that the main workable No.8 Coal that accounts for about 60% of the total coal reserves in the Songzao Coalfield was not enriched in hazardous trace elements. The No.11 Coal has high concentrations of alkaline elements, Be (9.14 μg/g), Sc (12.9 μg/g), Ti (9508 μg/g), Mn (397 μg/g), Co (23.7 μg/g), Cu (108 μg/g), Zn (123 μg/g), Ga (32 μg/g), Zr (1304 μg/g), Nb (169 μg/g), Hf (32.7 μg/g), Ta (11.4 μg/g), W (24.8 μg/g), Hg (0.28 μg/g), Pb (28.1 μg/g), Th (24.1 μg/g), and rare earth elements (509.62 μg/g). The concentration of Nb and Ta in the No. 11 Coal is higher than the industrial grade, and their potential utilization should be further studied. Besides pyrite, quartz, calcite, and clay minerals, trace minerals including chalcopyrite, marcasite, siderite, albite, mixed-layer clay minerals of illite and smectite, monazite, apatite, anatase, chlorite, and gypsum were found in the No.11 Coal. It should be noted that alabandite of hydrothermal origin and anatase occurring as cement were identi- fied in coal. In addition, the clayey microbands derived from alkaline volcanic ashes were identified in the coal. The dominant compositions of these clayey microbands were mixed-layer clay minerals of illite and smectite, which were interlayered with organic bands. The modes of occurrence of alkaline volcanic ash bands indicate that the volcanic activities were characterized by the multiple eruptions, short time interval and small scale for each eruption during peat accumulation. The alkaline volcanic ashes were the dominant factors for the enrichment of alkaline elements, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and rare earth elements, and the sulfide minerals are the main carriers of Ga, Cu, and Hg in the No. 11 Coal.     

U-Pb dating of zircon fromthe bed parallel anatectic granitic intrusion in the Baoban group in Hainan Island and the tectonic implication

1 Geological setting Hainan Island is situated in the conjunction region between the Euro-Asian plate, the Indian-Australian plate and the Pacific plate, its tectonic setting and evolution is implicated in understanding the continen-tal margin accretion and evolution of East Asia and the formation of the South China sea. The Jiusuo-Lingshui fault zone divides Hainan Island into the Yaxian Pa-leozoic massif in the south and the Qiongzhong Pa-leozoic massif in the north (Fig. 1), they con…     

A preliminary study on seismic design criteria of offshore platforms in Bohai Sea of China

This paper analyzes the seismicity in Bohai Sea,introducing a shape factor K to characterize the seismic risk distribution in sub-regions of the sea. Based on the seismic design ground motions for 46 platforms located in the Bohai Sea,a statistical analysis was performed for different peak ground acceleration (PGA) ratios at two different probability levels. In accordance with the two-stage design method,a scheme of two seismic design levels is proposed,and two seismic design objectives are established respectively for the strength level earthquake and the ductility level earthquake. By analogy with and comparison to the Chinese seismic design code for buildings,it is proposed that the probability level for the strength level earthquake and ductility level earthquake have a return period of 200 and 1000 - 2500 years,respectively. The validity of these proposed values is discussed. Finally,the PGAs corresponding to these two probability levels are calculated for different sub-regions of the Bohai Sea.