观测量非等权模型RAIM可用性算法研究

针对基于最小二乘残差估计的接收机自主完好性监测(RAIM)算法,结合伪距单点定位多采用观测量非等权模型,提出一种观测量非等权模型RAIM可用性算法,对实际计算具有借鉴意义。通过实测数据,分析了等权模型和非等权模型RAIM可用性算法对卫星几何分布的估计情况,验证了观测量非等权模型RAIM可用性算法的可行性。     

提升地理信息数据可获取性对促进我国经济发展的意义

本文在分析我国现有地理信息数据可获取性的现状和问题基础上,提出了对现行地理信息数据政策的一些看法和建议。在经济比较发达、对外比较开放的城市和地区设立“地理信息数据开放特区”的建议,可使GIS在民用和国民经济领域的应用更加合理合法化,使GIS技术在提高经济发展的同时,能够更多地为广大人民服务。     

基于空间模型的全球粮食安全评价

This paper presents a scenario-based assessment of global future food security. To do that,the socio-economic and climate change scenarios were defined for the future and were linked to an integrated modeling framework. The crop yields simulated by the GIS-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model and crop areas simulated by the crop choice decision model were combined to calculate the total food production and per capita food availability,which was used to represent the status of food availability and stability. The per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) simulated by IFPSIM model was used to reflect the situation of food accessibility and affordability. Based on these two indicators,the future food security status was assessed at a global scale over a period of approximately 20 years,starting from the year 2000. The results show that certain regions such as South Asia and most African countries will likely remain hotspots of food insecurity in the future as both the per capita food availability and the capacity of being able to import food will decrease between 2000 and 2020. Low food production associated with poverty is the determining factor to starvation in these regions,and more efforts are needed to combat hunger in terms of future actions. Other regions such as China,most Eastern European countries and most South American countries where there is an increase in per capita food availability or an increase in the capacity to import food between 2000 and 2020 might be able to improve their food security situation.     

车辆导航路径规划中道路可用性研究

定义了规划路径组分段模型和路径可用度指标，提出了基于概率模型方法的路径可用性度量模型。研究了常用的几种路径规划算法，提出了基于路径可用度指标的改进路径规划算法Mod—Dij，并与Dijkstra算法计算的路径进行了比较。结果表明，Mod-Dij得出的路径可满足实用性要求。     

基于集群技术的“天地图”运行支持环境设计

在分析基于互联网的地理信息在线服务特点和网站服务质量需求的基础上,对服务器高可用性、负载均衡技术与构建方式、调度算法进行了讨论,给出了天地图网站高可用性服务器集群和负载均衡服务器集群的设计模型,描述了相关的设备部署、调度算法和健康性检测等方面的设计内容;同时,讨论了文件和关系型数据库服务器集群的具体应用.     

格陵兰岛稀土矿资源潜力及对中国的可利用性评价

格陵兰地处北极,是全球最大的岛屿,经历了约40亿年的地质构造演化,矿产资源极丰富,尤其是以重稀土元素为特色的稀土矿资源。前人主要集中研究格陵兰岛黑色和多金属矿产资源,较少涉及稀土资源。通过研究,为保护中国有限的稀土资源,给中方企业和地勘单位实施"走出去"政策在格陵兰寻找潜在稀土资源提供基础资料。收集资料发现,格陵兰岛的稀土矿床主要集中在西南部、南部、中东部、中西部,其类型有碳酸岩型、碱性岩型、古砂矿型,可能有IOCG型。格陵兰岛稀土矿资源潜力巨大,通过分析格陵兰岛地质资料确定了4个远景区,由2个Ⅰ级、1个Ⅱ级和1个Ⅲ级组成。下一步重点关注格陵兰岛南部和西南部的2个Ⅰ级远景区,其次关注中东部和中西部Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级远景区。从多方面考虑,格陵兰岛稀土矿资源可利用性评价良好,格陵兰岛的稀土元素矿床值得中国企业关注。     

模拟酸雨对土壤有效磷衰减的影响

采用pH3．0和pH4．5的2种模拟酸雨与对照pH6．0的雨水， 湿润培育加磷后的土壤（2种红壤和1种水稻土）。试验结果表明，土壤中的有效磷的衰减在快反应阶段呈直线下降，而在慢反应阶段缓慢下降。快反应阶段持续时间约3－6h，随模拟降雨的p H值不同而不同，pH值愈低，持续时间愈短。与对照相比，模拟酸雨对有效磷衰减产生较大影响，模拟酸雨pH值愈低，有效磷衰减得愈快，尤其在快反应阶段影响更为明显；在慢反应阶段，随着时间的延续，影响逐渐变小。模拟酸雨对有效磷衰减的影响因土壤类型不同而不同，表现为红壤大于水稻土。酸雨加快土 壤有效磷的衰减，其主要原因是酸雨作用导致活性铝的大量释放，增加了磷的活性吸附点位，从而增加了对磷酸根离子配位吸附。     

Spatial analysis of public health facilities in Riyadh Governorate,Saudi Arabia: a GIS-based study to assess geographic variations of service provision and accessibility

Much attention has been given to address public health policy in Saudi Arabia, particularly for the management, quality, and coverage issues. However, assessment of spatial patterns, distribution, and provision of public health services has been neglected. This paper analyzes the availability and accessibility of public health facilities across Riyadh Governorate, Saudi Arabia at the subnational level. Spatial and attribute data of public health facilities potentially have been analyzed using GIS to produce accurate measure of accessibility. The spatial pattern of service distribution was examined using average nearest neighbor. Distances from demand points (populations) to providers (facilities) were calculated for each district using near analysis. In addition, the ratios of public health facility to population were calculated to identify underserved and overserved areas. The findings clearly indicate that the spatial pattern of the distribution of public health facilities was significantly clustered (p value < 0.001) with Z-score of ?10.9. Several districts within the central parts of the governorate were identified as having a higher density of facilities, while most of districts that are located in the marginal parts exhibit very low density of health facilities. Overall, there was a considerable variation in the average distance from district centroids to health facilities. Substantially, less than half of the population (45.4%) living in 61 districts has access to public health facility within less than 1-km distance. In contrast, the greatest increase in distances was observed for 6% of population living in 38 districts. People that live in such districts need to travel long distances for public health care. The output of this analysis can assist policy-makers and authorities of Riyadh Governorate in planning public health delivery.     

黑龙江省主要类型土壤中微量元素含量的垂向分异研究

黑龙江省主要类型土壤中微量元素在剖面中的变化趋势是不同的，这与不同类型土壤的成土母质、成土条件、土壤有机质和土壤中粘粒含量等有关。各种类型土壤表层中微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Co的有效量均大于其有效态临界值，并且Cu、Zn、Mn全量与有效量之间呈明显的相关关系。     

华南暴雨试验期间香港风廓线雷达资料的评估

风廓线雷达资料无论对暴雨等中尺度现象还是对季风等大尺度现象的研究都很有科学价值。为有效地利用香港天文台提供的1998年华南暴雨和南海季风科学试验期间的风廓线资料，简要介绍了资料的性质和数据结构，并对资料的有效性进行了初步评估。给出了风廓线资料有效率随高度的分布及不同天气状况对资料有效率的影响。指出每10分钟一次的资料的有效率在相邻时次之间存在很大的差别，应使用多时次平均以增强其代表性。另外，通过了一致性检验的有效资料中仍可能存在少数代表性较差的资料。风廓线资料与探空资料对比发现两者所得的垂直风场精度相当。上述结果可作为应用风廓线雷达资料时的参考。