河南省冬小麦干旱灾害的空间分布研究

利用河南省30个农业气象基本站的土壤测墒资料,把冬小麦干旱划分为轻、中、重3个干旱等级,通过构建干旱指数函数,分别计算出不同干旱等级的干旱指数,绘制干旱指数分布图,结果表明:河南省冬小麦干旱以豫北林州,豫西大部,豫中许昌,豫南西平、驻马店等地发生较频繁且以轻旱为主。     

Arctic Oscillation and Antarctic Oscillation in Internal Atmospheric Variability with an Ensemble AGCM Simulation

In this study, we investigated the features of Arctic Oscillation （AO） and Antarctic Oscillation （AAO）, that is, the annular modes in the extratropics, in the internal atmospheric variability attained through an ensemble of integrations by an atmospheric general circulation model （AGCM） forced with the global observed SSTs. We focused on the interannual variability of AO/AAO, which is dominated by internal atmospheric variability. In comparison with previous observed results, the AO/AAO in internal atmospheric variability bear some similar characteristics, but exhibit a much clearer spatial structure： significant correlation between the North Pacific and North Atlantic centers of action, much stronger and more significant associated precipitation anomalies, and the meridional displacement of upper-tropospheric westerly jet streams in the Northern/Southern Hemisphere. In addition, we examined the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO）/AO and East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM）. It has been shown that in the internal atmospheric variability, the EAWM variation is significantly related to the NAO through upper-tropospheric atmospheric teleconnection patterns.     

冬小麦冻害遥感监测应用研究

使用分辨率为1．1km的极轨气象卫星遥感资料，采用几种分裂窗算法反演得到地面温度，结合地基资料，利用变分技术订正得到遥感的地面栅格最低温度，通过对比几种方法的误差，确定在研究区域应用的遥感反演地面最低温度的分裂窗算法。利用反演并经过变分订正的地面最低温度、冻害指标及小麦发育期资料，制作出冬小麦冻害发生的空间分布，并统计出不同冻害等级的面积，从而实现了冬小麦冻害的遥感监测与不同冻害面积的精确计算。     

对流层顶气压与气温的年(代)际变率研究:冬季特征

利用NCEP／NCAR再分析月平均对流层顶气压、气温资料，研究了1979-2002年冬季全球对流层顶气压、气温的年际和年代际变率。选取了冬季对流层项变率最大的区域来定义气压指数、气温指数。通过分析得到：（1）全球对流层项气压、气温随纬度的增加而增高，但在整个热带地区和高纬度地区对流层顶气压、气温的分布较均匀。在分析时段内全球平均的对流层顶气压呈下降趋势，气温呈降低趋势。这些从全球资料得到的结果支持了已有的从部分探空资料所得到的结果。（2）对流层顶变率最大值出现在北半球的副热带地区，最小值出现在低纬度地区。气压指数和气温指数显示出准13a及准3～6a的周期。在1992年以前准3a的周期变化较强，1989年后准6a较强，显示出年际变化的年代际差异。对流层项气压与对流层顶气温在全球大部分地区都呈显著正相关，但在热带和副极地的部分地区相关较弱。对流层顶气压与对流层平均气温在全球大部分地区都呈显著负相关，但在极地地区有正相关关系，显示了对流层顶与对流层内部变化关系的复杂性。     

极地越冬食品保障——关于南极科考越冬食用蔬菜问题

蔬菜是人们摄取各种营养成分主要来源之一,由于南极的特殊环境,科考队员所需的各种营养成分很难得到满足。为重视、解决这一问题,文中详细讨论了选用传统东北人冬季食用蔬菜制品,代替南极科考队的越冬食用蔬菜,来满足生理需要。     

High-resolution peat records for Holocene monsoon history in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Holocene peat sediment has been attached impor-tance to reconstruct the Holocene climatic variations because it can provide much palaeoclimatic informa-tion with high resolution. Analysis on the plant mac-rofossil[1], pollen[2―4], isotope ratio[5―9], element con-tent[10,11], total organic carbon (TOC)[12], humifica-tion[13,14] and grayscale[12] for peat sediment has shown its superiorities as a recorder medium for reconstruct-ing the Holocene climate. Hong et al. have done great fruitful w…     

冷、暖冬预测与三麦等越冬作物防减灾对策研究

本文采用冬季负积温和冬季平均气温距平相结合的方法来确定冷暖冬年型分级指标；选用环流、海温等资料，建立了回归预报方程，并借鉴滤波的基本思想，研制了冬季负积温的海温因子和环流因子的分阶段滚动预报模式，该模式通过系数修正函数的运算，使得原为常量的预报因子系数变为变量，从而有效地提高预报精度，并在冷暖冬决策预报中起到了较大的作用。本文将天气预报、农业气象与农业生产相结合，研制了冷暖冬预测与三麦等越冬作物防减灾对策系统，近2a预报效果好。     

欧亚积雪异常分布对冬季大气环流的影响I. 观测研究

利用ECMWF 1979～1993年2.5°×2.5°的网格点积雪深度资料、中国气象局整编的海平面气压、500 hPa高度场和NCEP再分析资料,探讨了欧亚冬季积雪异常对同期大气环流的影响.结果表明:(1) 欧亚中高纬冬季积雪面积与同期大气环流具有密切的联系:积雪面积为正(负)异常时,冬季500 hPa高度场对应正(负)欧亚-太平洋(简称EUP)遥相关型,东亚冬季风活动偏强(弱).(2)诊断结果表明,积雪异常与大气环流之间的密切联系在一定程度上反映了冬季积雪的异常分布可能对大气EUP遥相关型和东亚冬季风活动产生影响.(3)SVD分析得到的冬季积雪的异常分布与同期大气环流的耦合模态,证实了前面所得结果.     

INTERRELATION BETWEEN EAST-ASIAN WINTER MONSOON AND INDIAN/PACIFIC SST WITH THE INTERDECADAL VARIATION*

Investigated statistically is the interrelation between East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and SST over sensitive areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.with focus on the relation of EAWM to strong ENSO signal area.i.e.,the equatorial eastern Pacific (EEP) SST.Evidence suggests that the EAWM variation is intimately associated not only with the EEP SST but with the equatorial western Pacific "warm pool" and equatorial Indian/northwestern Pacific Kuroshio SST as well:the EAWM and ENSO interact strongly with each other on the interannual time scales,exhibiting pronounced interdecadal variation mainly under the joint effect of the monsoon QBO and the monsoon/SST background field features on an interdecadal basis-when both fields are in the same phase(anti-phase).strong EAWM contributes to EEP SST rise(drop)in the following winter,corresponding to a warm(cold)ENSO cycle;the EAWM QBO causes ENSO cycle to be strong phase-locked with seasonal variation,making the EEP SST rise lasting from April-May to May-June of the next year,which plays an important role in maintaining a warm ENSO phase.     

冬小麦风雹灾害的等级划分与灾情评估

以冬小麦的风雹灾害为研究对象,从１９８１～１９９０年３３个冰雹个例中选取与冬小麦生长有关的１７个个例,以冰雹直径、降雹时间、降雹时阵风为因子,对冬小麦风雹灾害进行等级划分及灾情评估。应用证明,这些研究对提高农业灾害的管理水平具有重要意义。