青海地区冬季气温年际变化及其成因分析

利用青海地区38个台站(1961~2010年)和Ncep再分析资料,分析了青海地区冬季气温年际变化特征及其形成机制。结果表明:青海地区冬季气温主要呈现出南北一致型和东西反相两种分布型。低温年时,中高纬呈"+-+"波列,垂直方向呈准正压结构。WP与第一模态时间系数的相关最显著,其次是EU和PNA。冬季北大西洋南部地区海温通过激发欧亚波列影响欧亚大气环流;西风漂流区和黑潮区海温均对东亚冬季风有负反馈作用。在中部型El-Ni?o事件期间,青海地区易受偏西、偏北强冷气流影响,青海地区气温偏低。     

Snow Accumulation on a Small High‐Arctic Glacier Svenbreen: Variability and Topographic Controls

One of the main controls on the net mass change of land‐terminating Arctic glaciers is the magnitude and distribution of snow accumulation. In Dickson Land, region of Svalbard with the greatest distance to the sea, the issue has not been receiving much scientific attention for decades. In this paper, new snow accumulation data are presented from Svenbreen in Dickson Land from end‐of‐winter surveys. The measured winter balance was 0.42 ± 0.15 m w.e. in 2010, 0.50 ± 0.10 m w.e. in 2011 and 0.62 ± 0.10 cm w.e. in 2012. Snow depth and water equivalent have been analysed in the background of altitude, slope and aspect extracted from the digital elevation model of the glacier. On steep northern slopes (>15°) accumulation was the highest, whereas it was decreased on southern slopes with moderate inclination (9–12°). Elevation, which on many glaciers proved to be highly correlated with snow depth, explained only 17–34% of snow depth variability due to complex interplay between local climate and geometry of a small valley.     

黄山地区冬季连阴雨气候特征及异常个例分析

利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对黄山地区1961—2019年冬季(上年12月至2月)连阴雨气候特征以及2019年异常个例进行分析.结果表明:1)黄山地区冬季连阴雨期间多年平均降水量184 mm,连阴雨日数28d,降水日数24 d,日照时数15 h;冬季连阴雨降水量、连阴雨日数和降水日数的年代际分布特征具有较好一致性;冬季连阴雨降水量西南部多、东北部少,连阴雨日数和降水日数中南部多、西北部及东部少,日照时数均较少.2)2019年冬季连阴雨过程的降水量、连阴雨日数和降水日数均为1962年以来最多,单站相关要素以2月7日—3月6日过程为最多,屯溪和歙县连阴雨日数破历史极值,各区县降水日数破历史极值;日照时数以2018年12月30日—2019年1月12日过程为最少,各区县破历史极值.黄山地区连阴雨平均强度指数为1962年以来第二高值,各区县均达冬季连阴雨的最强等级.3)乌拉尔山阻塞高压维持,欧亚中高纬度地区大气环流经向度大,不断南下的冷空气为连阴雨天气提供了温度条件;西太平洋副热带高压强度异常偏强,位置偏西、偏北,以及青藏高原南缘的南支低槽系统活跃,来自南海和孟加拉湾的暖湿气流为连阴雨天气提供了水汽条件.冷暖空气在长江中下游持续交绥,从而导致黄山地区2019年冬季多次出现异常连阴雨天气过程.     

江西地区冬半年极端低温事件主模态及环流特征

基于1961—2022年江西日最低气温观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,首先极端低温阈值,分析极端低温事件发生频次的分布特征;再利用经验正交函数(EOF)获得极端低温事件发生频次的主模态,分析相应的关键环流系统特征。结果表明：江西省大部分地区冬半年极端低温阈值在0℃以下,南北分布差异较明显。极端低温事件发生频次在空间上具有很好的一致性,在1985年前后由偏多转为偏少的年代际振荡。极端低温发生频次主模态的变化受冬季风系统关键成员的影响显著,东亚冬季风偏强、西伯利亚高压偏强、东亚大槽加深、副热带西风急流偏强都利于江西地区出现极端低温事件。     

洞庭湖区"冬陆夏水"区域变化研究

利用遥感与地理信息系统技术,提取1987,1998,2003和2008年4个时段洞庭湖"冬陆夏水"区域.运用改进归一化差异水体指数(MNDWI)的方法,提取丰水期和枯水期遥感图像的水体并相减,获得"冬陆夏水"区域,并对20年的"冬陆夏水"变化的面积进行监督分类.分析发现,研究区的"冬陆夏水"面积,从1987年到2008...     

Snow/Rainfall Anomaly in Winter of Northern China and Associated Atmospheric Circulation and Aerosol Distribution Features

Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,China station precipitation data from 1960 to 2008,and aerosol optical depth (AOD) data in northern China from 1980 to 2004,this paper investigates the variability of winter snow/rainfall in northern China and the associated atmospheric circulation and aerosol distribution characteristics by using composite analysis.The results show that winter precipitation in northern China has been generally increasing since the 1960s.Among the winters of 1990-2008,the years with more rain/snow (MRSYs) are 1998,2003,and 2006,while the years with less rain/snow (LRSYs) are 2005,1997,and 2001.Composite analysis finds that the main differences of atmospheric circulation in East Asia between MRSYs and LRSYs are as follows.1) In MRSYs,strong low-level cold air over the northern polar region and Taymyr Peninsula migrates southward to northern China (Northwest,North,and Northeast China),establishing a channel favoring continuous southward transport of cold air.In LRSYs,however,this cold air channel does not exist.2) In MRSYs,the frontal zone and westerlies are over North China,and the low-level geopotential height field from eastern China to West Pacific exhibits an "east high,west low" pattern,which is conducive to easterly and southerly airflows moving northward along 110 E.In LRSYs,the 500-hPa prevailing westerly winds stay far away from China and the low-level southeasterlies move to higher latitudes,which are disadvantageous to the development of precipitation in northern China.3) In MRSYs,large-scale upward motions combined with local-scale updrafts develop into strong slanted climbing airflows,forming a vertical circulation that favors the generation of heavy snows in eastern China.In LRSYs,the vertical circulation moves eastward into the Pacific Ocean.Furthermore,the correlation analysis on AOD and winter precipitation during the period 1980-2004 in northern China reveals that AOD differs significantly between MRSYs and LRSYs and the annual variation of winter rain/snow is positively correlated to the annual variation of AOD with a correlation coefficient of 0.415 at the 0.001 significance level.     

Atmospheric Circulation Cells Associated with Anomalous East Asian Winter Monsoon

Atmospheric circulation cells associated with anomalous East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) were studied using the 1948/49 to 2002/03 NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and NCAR CAM3 AGCM simulations with monthly global sea surface temperatures from 1950 to 2000. Several atmospheric cells in the Pacific [i.e., the zonal Walker cell (ZWC) in the tropic, the Hadley cell in the western Pacific (WPHC), the midlatitude zonal cell (MZC) over the central North Pacific, and the Hadley cell in the eastern Pacific (EPHC)] are associated with anomalous EAWM. When the EAWM is strong, ZWC, WPHC, and MZC are enhanced, as opposed to EPHC. The anomalous enhanced ZWC is characterized by air parcels rising in the western tropical Pacific, flowing eastward in the upper troposphere, and descending in the tropical central Pacific before returning to the tropical western Pacific. The enhanced MZC has characteristics opposite those of the enhanced ZWC in the central North Pacific. The anomalous WPHC shows air parcels rising in the western Pacific, as in the case of ZWC, followed by flowing northward in the upper troposphere and descending in the west North Pacific, as in the case of the enhanced MZC before returning to the western tropical Pacific. The anomalous EPHC is opposite in properties to the anomalous WPHC. Opposite characteristics are found during the weak EAWM period. The model simulations and the observations show similar characteristics and indicate the important role of sea surface temperature. A possible mechanism is proposed to link interannual variation of EAWM with the central-eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA).     

我国冬季降水年际变化的主模态分析

利用我国160站的观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及英国气象局哈德莱中心的海表面温度（SST) 资料, 分析了我国冬季降水年际变化的主模态以及与其相联系的大气环流异常和海温异常。结果表明, 在年际变化的时间尺度上, 我国冬季降水主要表现为长江以南地区降水量的一致变化（EOF1) 和华南、西南地区与新疆北部、华北和长江中下游地区降水反位相振荡的变化（EOF2) 两个主模态, 它们分别可以解释年际变化总方差的49.6％和17.3％, 并具有显著的2～4年周期。此外, 这两个模态也有明显的年代际信号, EOF1表现为20世纪80年代中期以前南方地区冬季降水偏少, 1988年之后转为偏多, 而进入21世纪后逐渐接近历史平均值并有再次转为偏少的趋势, 而EOF2表现为1980年至2005年新疆北部和长江中下游地区的冬季降水出现年代际增多, 而华南地区的冬季降水出现年代际减少。进一步通过回归分析表明, 我国冬季降水年际变化的EOF1与ENSO循环以及东亚冬季风强度的变化有密切的关系, 当ENSO处于其暖（冷) 位相的冬季时, 东亚冬季风系统偏弱 （强), 来自孟加拉湾和南海的异常水汽输送在我国南方地区形成辐合（辐散), 从而有利于该地区降水异常偏多（少)。与我国冬季降水年际变化EOF2相联系的环流表现为欧亚大陆上空具有相当正压结构的一个波列, 该波列对应于东亚沿岸的异常北 （南) 风, 进而引起长江中下游地区水汽辐散（辐合) 和华南地区水汽辐合（辐散), 有利于南正（负) 北负（正) 的降水异常分布。赤道中东太平洋和北大西洋挪威海地区的SST异常分别与这两个模态具有紧密的联系, 并对这两个模态具有一定的潜在预报意义。     

基于分期播种试验的小麦越冬前适宜指标探讨

基于2006-2007和2007-2008年度郑麦366的分期播种试验资料,结合郑州农业气象试验站多年同品种小麦业务观测资料,利用相关分析、最小显著差数等方法,对越冬前积温、小麦生长状况及产量构成进行了分析,结果表明：冬小麦越冬前的生长状况与各发育阶段积温有很强的相关性,产量构成的三要素也与越冬前各发育阶段积温及分蘖数...     

2010年1月广西冬季暴雨水汽特征分析

2010年1月21～23日,广西出现连续两天的全区性暴雨天气。本文利用常规资料和NCEP1°＊1°再分析资料进行分析．通过分析广西上空的水汽辐合辐散情况、水汽饱和程度以及水汽来源等,揭示这次冬季连续性暴雨产生的水汽特征。分析结果表明,水汽辐合基本位于600hPa以下,850hPa附近水汽辐合最强;强降雨期间广西上空上升...