Investigating the ancient Martian magnetic field using microwaves

The new microwave palaeointensity technique has been used to investigate samples from the Martian meteorite Nakhla. This technique is a promising new way to obtain absolute palaeointensity information regarding the ancient Martian magnetic field as recorded by the Martian meteorites. Assuming that a part of the magnetic remanence is of thermal origin and originating on Mars the two samples studied yield estimates of 4 μT for the Martian magnetic field at 1.35 Ga.     

福建火山岩型铀矿化特征及其形成机制

福建 地处我国东南沿海，火山岩分布面积广，火山岩型铀矿化类型多，包括火山沉积型、远温地下热水淋滤型、火山期后热液型、富铀次火山岩体热液交代型等。铀矿化表现为多形态、多产状、多部位和多期、 多阶段，矿物 组合简单等特征。赋铀火山岩普遍发育有水解作用，岩石水解后，铀含量增加5－8倍，而分散铀量则减少50－80％。表明火山岩系中铀的活化与岩石的水解作用关切密切。另外，区内火山岩型铀矿化均赋存于火山杂岩系中的反差效应场中，显示出火山杂岩系中的反差效应场与铀的矿化也有密切关系。从总体上看，水解活化、渗析对流和半封闭强反差是福建火山岩型铀矿化的重要成矿机制。     

关于当代地球科学发展趋势的点滴认识

面对资源、环境、人口、地质灾害等人类的生产、生活乃至生存的严峻危机，需要我们掌握地球内部的客观规律，不断更新和寻找地球科学理论和新的思维方式，掌握地球科学发展趋势，以协调好人与自然、人地关系及社会经济和可持续发展理论，造福于人类。     

边坡稳定可靠性的随机有限元分析

随机有限元法可以处理土性参数的变异性和空间相关性。对二阶摄动随机有限元法的摄动理论和程序进行了研究，提出了偏导矩阵的组集方法，采用正态分布随机变量的正交变换法来提高计算效率。考虑土性参数随机场作用和土性指标之间的互相关性，建立边坡局部抗剪和总体稳定性可靠度的随机有限元分析模型，对某实际土坡进行了可靠度计算，计算结果较为符合实际。     

探地雷达天线方向特性探讨

利用电磁波的传播特点,对元天线、对称振子及其天线阵辐射电磁波的方向性做进一步的探讨,并分析各因素对其辐射方向性的影响。     

长清井田环境水文地质特征分析与评价

在分析井田环境水文地质特征的基础上，利用浅层地下水的分析测试资料，依据水环境污染综合评价指数方法对浅层地下水环境质量的现状进行了评价。简要阐述了矿区开发对地下水资源可能造成的影响，矿区开发后地下水环境的一些变化趋势及初步预防措施，为将来矿井设计、建设和生产过程中浅层地下水环境的保护和利用提供了参考资料。     

岩土力学数值模拟中力学参数的确定方法

力学参数的选取是进行岩土力学数值模拟的关键，它直接决定了模拟结果的合理性。不同的力学模型需要选取不同的计算参数，经验值在参数的确定过程中具有一定程度的参考价值，几种变形参数和强度参数的现场尺度转化方法解决了室内土工实验参数的现场应用问题，提出了进行力学参数和计算模型合理确定的推断模型的概念，并对推断模型实现的思想和步骤进行了较为详细的讨论。     

松辽盆地地热资源的形成与远景评价

松辽平原在地貌和地质上都是一个盆地。盆地中心区域上地幔隆升形成地幔枕，使本地区成为地壳中的一个热点，具有较高的地热背景。盆地是汇水区，盆地中部地域自然就成为地下热水主要的分布区。松辽盆地地热资源开发远景大有希望。     

Modelling of space weather effects on pipelines

The interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetic field produces time varying currents in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. The currents cause variations of the geomagnetic field at the surface of the earth and induce an electric field which drives currents in oil and gas pipelines and other long conductors. Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) interfere with electrical surveys of pipelines and possibly contribute to pipeline corrosion.In this paper, we introduce a general method which can be used to determine voltage and current profiles for buried pipelines, when the external geoelectric field and the geometry and electromagnetic properties of the pipeline are known. The method is based on the analogy between pipelines and transmission lines, which makes it possible to use the distributed source transmission line (DSTL) theory. The general equations derived for the current and voltage profiles are applied in special cases. A particular attention is paid to the Finnish natural gas pipeline network.This paper, related to a project about GIC in the Finnish pipeline, thus provides a tool for understanding space weather effects on pipelines. Combined with methods of calculating the geoelectric field during magnetic storms, the results are applicable to forecasting of geomagnetically induced currents and voltages on pipelines in the future.     

Onset voltages of atmospheric corona discharges on coniferous trees

In this article, the phenomenon of generation of corona discharges on the tops of trees and plants is described. In the first part of the text, the conditions for generation of this electric field which leads to formation of corona discharge and transfer of electric charge between atmosphere and Earth, are discussed. Experimental results of the onset voltage and its dependence on the discharge parameters are presented. The coincidence between released species from corona burning point and surrounding atmosphere is also discussed. Equation for the calculation of critical intensity of the electric field and onset voltage in dependence on radius of the tip are also discussed and compared with experimental data and equations for current–voltage characteristics are described. The attempt to explain differences between theory and measured data is proposed.