全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6445篇 |
免费 | 1041篇 |
国内免费 | 1528篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1863篇 |
大气科学 | 1987篇 |
地球物理 | 1354篇 |
地质学 | 1699篇 |
海洋学 | 719篇 |
天文学 | 196篇 |
综合类 | 617篇 |
自然地理 | 579篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 41篇 |
2023年 | 85篇 |
2022年 | 210篇 |
2021年 | 339篇 |
2020年 | 357篇 |
2019年 | 375篇 |
2018年 | 253篇 |
2017年 | 365篇 |
2016年 | 352篇 |
2015年 | 408篇 |
2014年 | 455篇 |
2013年 | 463篇 |
2012年 | 495篇 |
2011年 | 448篇 |
2010年 | 371篇 |
2009年 | 381篇 |
2008年 | 427篇 |
2007年 | 423篇 |
2006年 | 401篇 |
2005年 | 377篇 |
2004年 | 282篇 |
2003年 | 245篇 |
2002年 | 201篇 |
2001年 | 193篇 |
2000年 | 196篇 |
1999年 | 141篇 |
1998年 | 164篇 |
1997年 | 93篇 |
1996年 | 86篇 |
1995年 | 68篇 |
1994年 | 89篇 |
1993年 | 43篇 |
1992年 | 55篇 |
1991年 | 39篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有9014条查询结果,搜索用时 484 毫秒
951.
The halogen ions Br- and Cl- together with NO3
-, SO4
=, MSA- (methane sulfonate), Na+ and NH4
+ were analysed by ion chromatography in extracts of more than 800 aerosol cellulose filter samples taken at Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79°N, 12°E) in spring 1996 (March 27 - May 16) within the European Union project ARCTOC (Arctic Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry). Anticorrelated variations between f-Br (filterable bromine, i.e. water soluble bromine species that can be collected by aerosol filters) and ozone within the arctic troposphere were evaluated at a resolution of 1 or 2 hours for periods with depleted ozone and 4 hours at normal ozone. A mean f-Br concentration of 11 ng m-3 (0.14 nmol m-3) was observed for the whole campaign, while maximum concentrations of 80 ng m-3 (1 nmol m-3) were detected during two total O3-depletion events (O3 drop to mixing ratios below the detection limit of < 2 ppb). Anticorrelation between f-Br and O3 was also seen during minor O3-depletion episodes (sudden drop in O3 by at least 10 ppb, but O3 still exceeding the detection limit) and even for ozone variations near its background level (40-50 ppb). A time lag of about 10 hours between the change of ozone and of f-Br concentrations could only be found during a total ozone depletion event, when f-Br reached its maximum values several hours after ozone was totally destroyed. Bromine oxide (BrO) concentrations, measured by DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy), and f-Br showed a coincident variability during almost the entire campaign (except in the case of total O3-loss). Frequently enhanced anthropogenic nitrate and sulphate concentrations were observed during O3-depletion periods. At O3 concentrations < 10 ppb sulphate and nitrate exceed their typical mean level by 54% and 77%, respectively. This may indicate a possible connection between acidity and halogen release. 相似文献
952.
热红外遥感中大气下行辐射效应的一种近似计算与误差估计 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
在热红外遥感中,大气下行辐射效应很难处理,原因是地表双向反射分布函数很难精确描述。因此常见的处理方法是在如下2 个假设前提下对该项作做简化计算: 一是假设地表反射为朗伯体特性,二是大气下行辐射在半球空间内取常数。该文提出了一种在地表为非朗伯体、大气下行辐射为非各向同性等一般条件下近似计算大气下行辐射效应的方法。通过数值模拟表明:(1) 所采用的方法可以在放弃2 个假设的前提下,更精确地计算热红外大气下行辐射效应的数值,计算精度比2 个假设前提下的计算方法至少提高20 .53 % ;(2) 该方法所带来的误差是大气模式、遥感器视角和通道的函数。其中,通道4 的相对误差比通道5大,同一通道中模式5 的相对误差最大,但最大可能相对误差不到8 % ,且随扫描角的增大而减小;(3) 大气下行辐射效应项占总辐射亮度值之比例在±30°视角范围内一般不超过4 % 。 相似文献
953.
Long-term changes of zoobenthic fauna and submerged vegetation in the shallow Lake Monterosi (Italy)
Benthic invertebrates and aquatic vegetation were investigated in the volcanic Lake Monterosi with the aim to define the stage of development reached during progressive modifications which occurred in the shallow lake. Increasing trophy and introduction of an exotic plant (Nelumbo nucifera) were the key-factors responsible for the rapid qualitative reduction of the macrophyte population and its modification to non rooted plants (Ceratophyllum demersum). The invertebrate fauna associated with macrophytes was found to be abundant, diversified (83 taxa) and characterized by high diversity and presence of bioindicators of mesotrophy. Although the zoobenthic community appeared to be positively influenced by the macrophyte-dominated stage, some negative effects of Nelumbo-colonization on the invertebrate fauna indicated that further growth of this plant would cause a rapid change in the lake. 相似文献
954.
We analyzed more than 1700 earthquakes related to the 1982 eruption of El Chichon volcano in southern Mexico. The data were
recorded at specific periods throughout the whole eruptive interval of March to April 1982, by three different networks. The
seismic activity began several months before the first eruption on 28 March. During this period the seismicity consisted of
hybrid and long-period shallow earthquakes most likely related to processes of faulting, fracturing, and fluid movement underneath
the volcano. The foci of events occurring before the eruption circumscribe an aseismic zone from approximately 7 to 13 km
below the volcano. After the eruption, the seismic activity consisted of tectonic-type earthquakes that peaked at 1200 events/h.
This later activity occurred over a wide range of depths, mostly between 5 and 20 km, that includes the former aseismic zone
and is roughly limited by the major tectonic faults in the area.
Received: 19 May 1998 / Accepted: 13 June 1999 相似文献
955.
The continuous increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is expected to cool higher levels of the atmosphere. There is some direct and indirect experimental evidence of long-term trends in temperature and other parameters in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Here we look for long-term trends in the annual and semiannual variations of the radio wave absorption in the lower ionosphere, which corresponds to the MLT region heights. Data from central and southeastern Europe are used. A consistent tendency to a positive trend in the amplitude of the semiannual wave appears to be observed. The reality of a similar tendency in the amplitude of the annual wave is questionable in the sense that the trend in the amplitude of the annual wave is probably induced by the trend in the yearly average values of absorption. The phases of both the annual and semiannual waves display a forward tendency, i.e. shift to an earlier time in the year. A tentative interpretation of these results in terms of changes of the seasonal variation of temperature and wind at MLT heights does not contradict the trends observed in those parameters. 相似文献
956.
Lake water levels change under the influences of natural and/or anthropogenic environmental conditions. Among these influences are the climate change, greenhouse effects and ozone layer depletions which are reflected in the hydrological cycle features over the lake drainage basins. Lake levels are among the most significant hydrological variables that are influenced by different atmospheric and environmental conditions. Consequently, lake level time series in many parts of the world include nonstationarity components such as shifts in the mean value, apparent or hidden periodicities. On the other hand, many lake level modeling techniques have a stationarity assumption. The main purpose of this work is to develop a cluster regression model for dealing with nonstationarity especially in the form of shifting means. The basis of this model is the combination of transition probability and classical regression technique. Both parts of the model are applied to monthly level fluctuations of Lake Van in eastern Turkey. It is observed that the cluster regression procedure does preserve the statistical properties and the transitional probabilities that are indistinguishable from the original data. 相似文献
957.
958.
959.
天津市空气污染数值预报试验中的模式系统 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
介绍了天津市空气污染数值预报实验中城市空气污染数值预报模式系统的构成及各模块的功能。在天津市空气污染预报实验期间, α中尺度气象模式对区域范围内的逐时风、温、湿及其降水预报取得了较好的效果, 且模式的计算时间短; β中尺度气象模式在边界层内具有较高的垂直分辨率, 模拟结果合理, 其中计算与观测的风向差小于60o的概率达到643% , 计算与观测的风速比值接近于1; 预报的地面SO2、NOx和TSP浓度与同步监测值相比, 城市空气污染预报模式对SO2和NOx的日平均浓度的预报效果较好, 预报准确率达640% , 而对TSP的预报则较差 相似文献
960.
我国水环境(水质)监测工作的回顾与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
总结回顾了新中国成立50年来,我国水利系统水环境(水质)监测工作的发展历程,取得的成果和发挥的作用,展望了21世纪水环境(水质)监测工作的前景,提出了需进一步做好的几项主要工作。 相似文献