非均匀层结下的对称不稳定

研究了非均匀层结下的对称不稳定，给出了不稳定发生的判据，并将该微分方程的特征值问题化为一个实对称矩阵的特征值问题，还取不同的层结廓线进行了数值计算。     

HLAFS和T63数值预报产品在暴雨分析中的应用

首次使用ＨＬＡＦＳ数值预报产品对黑龙江省暴雨进行分析，结合Ｔ６３数值预报产品，利用两者提供的物理一０８时和２０时的实况场和预报场格点资料，对黑龙江省一次暴雨过程进行分析，找出了暴雨发生的物理机制，指出深厚的水汽条件以及水汽的辐合，强烈的上升运动和不稳定能量的存贮和释放是产生暴雨的关键因素。     

北太平洋夏季大气环流的持续性异常及其对中国天气的影响

对太平洋北部持续性异常的研究表明，正、负异常的形热从发生、发展到消亡的演变过程十分相似，它们都始于东亚及西太平洋区域距平形势的变化，并在北太平洋及东亚地区出现一规则排列的距平异常区域，东亚及整个北半球的大气环流也相应地发生变化。太平洋北部环流的持续性异常对东亚特别是中国夏季的天气异常有重要影响。诊断分析和数值试验表明，夏季太平洋北部大气环流发生持续性异常与太平洋中低纬的海温异常关系密切。     

7月份降雨分布型的预报方法

综述了我国７月份雨型的划分方法，各种雨型的多雨特点及环流特征，总结了各类雨型的预报判据，着眼于赤道东太平洋海温（ＳＳＴ），冬季（１－３月）５００ｈＰａ环流，春季（３－５月）西太平洋副热带高压，夏季（６－８月）赤道平流层纬向风准两年振荡（ＱＢＯ）等方面，分析了与７月雨型的关联。该方法对业务预报有很好的指导意义。     

线性和非线性风应力对海-气耦合波的影响

在略去Ｒｅｙｌｅｉｇｈ摩擦和Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ冷却的条件下，采用定常的线性大气模式和半地转近似的非线性海洋模式，讨论了线性和非线性风应力对海－气耦合Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波的影响，结果表明，当耦合波处于非线性不稳定的情况下，线性和非线性风应力均可产生孤立波，不同之处在于，非线性风应力所产笺波图像具有间断特点，波能的急剧聚集有可能使波的性质发生变化。     

ON THE VERTICAL DISCRETIZATION OF ATMOSPHERIC MODELS-PART Ⅰ:EXISTING PROBLEMS,DATA PROCESSING AND CHOICE OF VERTICAL COORDINATE AND BASIS FUNCTIONS

Discussions are carried out on the vertical discretization of current atmospheric models.It is pointed out that there exist problems in the integration of the hydrostatic equation and the computation of vertical advection,vertical diffusion and so on.Then some possible ways for solving or alleviating them are suggested.Finally,the choice of vertical coordinate and basis functions is discussed.     

极隙区电子束流模电磁不稳定性

解析地研究了中高度（离他心3－4个地球半径）极隙区极低密度上行电子束流引起的沿磁力线传播的电磁个稳定性，上行电子束流和背景等离子体都考虑成冷等离子体．结果表明，上行电子引起的左旋和右旋圆偏振电磁来流模是不稳定的，当它与离子回旋模耦合时增长率达到最大值，频率色散关系仍为电子束流模特征这此结果对解释权隙区纬度地面站低频电磁波观测资料和理解极隙区动力学过程是很有益的．     

First-Order Chemistry in the Surface-Flux Layer

We have discussed the behavior of a non-conserved scalar in the stationary, horizontally homogeneous, neutral surface-flux layer and, on the basis of conventional second-order closure, derived analytic expressions for flux and for mean concentration of a gas, subjected to a first-order removal process. The analytic flux solution showed a clear deviation from the constant flux, characterizing a conserved scalar in the surface-flux layer. It decreases with height and is reduced by an order of magnitude of the surface flux at a height equal to about the typical mean distance a molecule can travel before destruction. The predicted mean concentration profile, however, shows only a small deviation from the logarithmic behavior of a conserved scalar. The solution is consistent with assuming a flux-gradient relationship with a turbulent diffusivity corrected by the Damköhler ratio, the ratio of a characteristic turbulent time scale and the scalar mean lifetime. We show that if we use only first-order closure and neglect the effect of the Damköhler ratio on the turbulent diffusivity we obtain another analytic solution for the profiles of the flux and the mean concentration which, from an experimental point of view, is indistinguishable from the first analytic solution. We have discussed two cases where the model should apply, namely NO which, by night, is irreversibly destroyed by interaction with mainly O₃ and the radioactive ²²⁰Rn. Only in the last case was it possible to find data to shed light on the validity of our predictions. The agreement seemed such that a falsification of our model was impossible. It is shown how the model can be used to predict the surface flux of ²²⁰Rn from measured concentration profiles.     

华北夏季旱涝的前期环流异常及其与北太平洋海温的关系

文章分析了华北地区夏季旱涝的前期春季大气环流和北太平洋海温异常（ＳＳＴＡ）分布特征，探讨ＳＳＴＡ与异常环流的关系，并用ＯＳＵ－ＡＧＣＭ进行黑潮地区热源异常强迫的数值试验．结果表明，当春季北极低涡明显减弱，欧亚大陆中高纬度地区纬向环流加强，西太平洋副高位置偏北偏西，且存在负ＰＮＡ型异常环流时，华北地区夏季多雨涝；反之则少雨干旱．此时，西北太平洋和赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴ分别存在较大的正、负异常，它们与春季环流异常密切相关，黑潮区ＳＳＴＡ对北半球副热带及其以北的大气环流产生显著影响，正的ＳＳＴＡ是造成华北夏涝年的前期春季异常环流形势的重要因素．     

Observation of gravity waves in a boreal forest

In this paper we report the results of the analysis of two 60-min wave events that occurred in a boreal aspen forest during the 1994 BOREAS (Boreal Ecosystems-Atmosphere Study) field experiment. High frequency wind and temperature data were provided by three 3-D sonic anemometer/thermometers and fourteen fine-wire thermocouples positioned within and above the forest. Wave phase speeds, estimated from information revealed by spectral analysis and linear plane wave equations, are 2.2 and 1.3 m s^-1 for the two events. The wavelengths are 130 m and 65 m respectively and are much larger than the vertical wave displacements. There is strong evidence from the present analysis and from the literature supporting our postulate that these waves are generated by shear instability. We propose that wind shear near the top of the stand is often large enough to reduce the gradient Richardson number below the critical value of 0.25 and thus is able to trigger the instability. When external conditions are favorable, the instability will grow into waves.