夏季青藏高原大气热源与西南地区东部旱涝的关系

利用1959～2006年西南地区东部20个测站逐日降水量资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料,分析了夏季青藏高原大气热源特征,指出了影响西南地区东部夏季旱涝的热源关键区域,并就关键区大气热源对该区域夏季旱涝的影响进行了诊断,得出了以下主要结论:西南地区东部夏季降水与高原主体东南部的热源变化关系密切,当该区域(该区域...     

青藏高原春季土壤湿度异常与我国夏季降水的联系

利用 197-2014年 GLDAS-CLM(Global Land Data Assimilation System-the Community Land Mod-el)地表参量数据集、中国区域逐日观测资料格点化数据集(CN05.1)和ERA-nterim大气环流再分析数据,研究青藏高原5月(春季)土壤湿度的异常变化...     

大气点源扩散模型的GIS可视化研究

本文针对目前城市环境中大气污染扩散的可视化研究中存在的主要问题,利用大气点源扩散模型和GIS技术相集成的方法对点源污染扩散的可视化问题进行了探索。在研究中,首先在总体上介绍了点源扩散模型和GIS技术的集成框架,然后描述了大气点源扩散模型可视化实现的方法和过程,并给出了典型条件下的可视化结果图,它能够更加直观地表达大气点源扩散的动态可视化效果。     

基于SIFT特征配准的多帧迭代盲解卷积算法

在未配准的情况下,多帧图像解卷积算法不能发挥其利用多帧图像信息互补的优势,针对这种情况,本文将基于SIFT特征配准的算法引入多帧图像解卷积算法中,这一做法克服了各帧影像之间相同位置不同细节像素之间的影响,有效地提高了复原图像的质量。实际观测数据的复原结果证明了本文思想的正确性,配准后图像的复原结果更加清晰,且体现出观测目标更多的细节信息。     

星载激光雷达气溶胶数据辅助的近岸浑浊水体大气校正研究

提出了一种星载激光雷达CALIOP气溶胶数据辅助的MODIS/Aqua水色数据大气校正方法,并在长江口及其邻近浑浊水体区域进行了实验。通过与实测光谱数据的对比分析说明,本文方法能在一定程度上避免如近红外波段离水辐亮度为零的假设的不合理性,摆脱对实测数据的依赖,有效地反演离水辐亮度,修复SeaDAS软件中短波红外-近红外联合大气校正算法中短波红外波段引起的产品的条带问题。     

Evaluation and Improvement of a SVD-Based Empirical Atmospheric Model

An empirical atmospheric model(EAM) based on the singular value decomposition(SVD) method is evaluated using the composite El Ni(?)o/Southern Oscillation(ENSO) patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) and wind anomalies as the target scenario.Two versions of the SVD-based EAM were presented for comparisons.The first version estimates the wind anomalies in response to SST variations based on modes that were calculated from a pair of global wind and SST fields(i.e.,conventional EAM or CEAM).The second version utilizes the same model design but is based on modes that were calculated in a region-wise manner by separating the tropical domain from the remaining extratropical regions(i.e.,region-wise EAM or REAM). Our study shows that,while CEAM has shown successful model performance over some tropical areas, such as the equatorial eastern Pacific(EEP),the western North Pacific(WNP),and the tropical Indian Ocean(TIO),its performance over the North Pacific(NP) seems poor.When REAM is used to estimate the wind anomalies instead of CEAM,a marked improvement over NP readily emerges.Analyses of coupled modes indicate that such an improvement can be attributed to a much stronger coupled variability captured by the first region-wise SVD mode at higher latitudes compared with that captured by the conventional one. The newly proposed way of constructing the EAM(i.e.,REAM) can be very useful in the coupled studies because it gives the model a wider application beyond the commonly accepted tropical domain.     

Features of the Extremely Severe Drought in the East of Southwest China and Anomalies of Atmospheric Circulation in Summer 2006

The spatial-temporal features of the extremely severe drought and the anomalous atmospheric circulation in summer 2006 are analyzed based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the characteristic circulation indices given by the National Climate Center of China, and the daily precipitation data of 20 stations in the east of Southwest China (ESC) from 1959 to 2006. The results show that the rainless period started from early June and ended in early September 2006 with a total of more than 80 days, and the rainfall was especially scarce from around 25 July to 5 September 2006. Precipitation for each month was less than normal, and analysis of the precipitation indices shows that the summer precipitation in 2006 was the least since 1959. The extremely severe drought in the ESC in summer 2006 was closely related to the persistent anomalies of the atmospheric circulation in the same period, i.e., anomalies of mid-high latitude atmospheric circulation, western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), westerlies, South Asian high, lower-level flow, water vapor transport, vertical motion, and so on. Droughts usually occur when the WPSH lies anomalously northward and westward, or anomalously weak and eastward. The extreme drought in summer 2006 was caused by the former. When the WPSH turned stronger and shifted to the north and west of its normal position, and the South Asian high was also strong and lay eastward, downdrafts prevailed over the ESC and suppressed the water vapor transfer toward this area. At the same time, the disposition of the westerlies and the mid-high latitude circulation disfavored the southward invasion of cold air, which jointly resulted in the extremely severe drought in the ESC in summer 2006. The weak heating over the Tibetan Plateau and vigorous convective activities over the Philippine area were likely responsible for the strong WPSH and its northwestward shift in summer 2006.     

Taiwan Yushan Snowfall Activity and Its Association with Atmospheric Circulation from 1979 to 2009

Yushan is the most famous location for snow in Taiwan,while snowfall in the subtropical zone is rare.When it is snowing in Yushan,people are experiencing unusually cold and wet weather elsewhere in Taiwan.In this study,Yushan snowfall activity from 1979 to 2009 and the related atmosphere circulation were examined with the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau’s Yushan weather station observations and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy(NCEP/DOE) reanalysis atmospheric data.To provide a quantitative measure of snowfall events,a snowfall activity index(SAI) was defined in this study.The time series of yearly SAIs shows that Yushan snowfall activity for an active year,such as 1983(SAI =39 153) was ～118 times larger than for an inactive year,such as 1999(SAI=331).Our analyses show that snowfall activity is closely related to the position of the East Asian Trough(EAT) and the strength of the West Pacific High(WPH).In active years,when the EAT shifted eastward and the strength of WPH increased,an anomalous anticyclone occurred in the West Pacific.This anticyclone introduced anomalous southwesterly flows along the southeastern cost of mainland China and over Taiwan,resulting in a wetter-than-normal atmosphere that favored snowfall.Alternatively,in inactive years,a drierthan-normal atmosphere resulted in sluggish snowfall seasons.     

On the Forced Tangentially-Averaged Radial-Vertical Circulation within Vortices. Part II: The Transformation of Tropical Storm Haima (2004)

A real case study for the transformation of Tropical Storm (TS) Haima (2004) into an extratropical cyclone (EC) is carried out numerically since,after landfall,Haima (2004) (as an EC) brought severe weather to a large area (from the south to the north) in China during 13-16 September 2004.With the linear diagnostic model (derived in a previous study) for the tangentially-averaged radial-vertical circulation within vortices moving on the spherical Earth,Haima’s (2004) life cycle is reconstructed noticeably well.Therefore,the major contributor could be identified confidently for Haima’s (2004) extratropical transition based on the diagnostic model outputs.The quantitative comparison shows that up to a 90% contribution to the innerregion updraft and a 55% contribution to the upper-layer outflow come from latent heating during Haima’s (2004) TS stage.Up to a 90% contribution to the inner-region updraft and nearly a 100% contribution to the upper-layer outflow come from the upper-layer eddy angular momentum advection (EAMA) during Haima’s (2004) EC stage.Representing the asymmetric structure of the storm,the predominantly positive contribution of the upper-layer EAMA to Haima’s (2004) transformation is closely associated with the Sshaped westerlies in the upper layer with two jets.One jet in the cyclonic-curvature area carries cyclonic angular momentum into the storm,and the other jet in the anticyclonic-curvature area carries anticyclonic angular momentum out of the storm.Consequently,the newly-increased cyclonic tangential wind is deflected by the Coriolis force to the right to form the upper-layer outflow accompanied by the central-area rising motion,leading to Haima’s (2004) extratropical transition after its landfall.     

一次雷暴前后大气折射率的多普勒天气雷达测量试验及结果

由温度、气压和水汽压决定的大气折射率会影响天气雷达电磁波的传播路径和目标回波的相位。因此,通过测量目标回波相位的变化能够算出大气折射率的变化,进而得到水汽信息,为研究局地对流天气和水汽平流提供资料。本文阐述了多普勒天气雷达反演大气折射率的原理和方法,并利用江苏省气象台的S波段多普勒天气雷达反演了一次雷暴过程前后的大气折射率,表明了雷达探测大气折射率的可靠性。这项工作有望为研究水汽变化和天气过程提供高分辨率的遥感资料,也可以为数值模式提供水汽场辅助数据,有良好的应用前景。