半拉格朗日、半隐式欧拉方程组大气数值模式研究

介绍了一个具有较高时间积分效率的三维弹性大气数值模式。其中,控制方程为能够描述大气非静力及可压缩性的欧拉方程组,时间积分采用了高效率的“半拉格朗日、半隐式”方案。通过引用一个简化的“云物理过程”参数化方案,针对大气中深厚湿对流过程的若干问题进行了数值试验,结果表明,模式能够对该过程中的一些基本和复杂现象进行有效地模拟。试验结果还表明,动力学框架具有很好的稳定性,能够实现高效率的时间积分,它还具有较好的频散特性,保证了空间计算的精度,从而完好地描述了风暴的形态。     

The use of riparian vegetated filter strips to reduce river sediment loads: an overestimated control measure?

The spatially distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery model WATEM/SEDEM was used to simulate the impact of riparian vegetated filter strips (RVFSs) on river sediment delivery at different spatial scales. For a field plot with a straight slope, sediment reduction by the RVFSs is comparable to results obtained through experimental set‐ups elsewhere (i.e. >70%). However, at the scale of an entire catchment, sediment reduction is much less (i.e. ±20%) due to (1) overland flow convergence, which reduces the sediment trapping efficiency of an RVFS, and (2) because part of the sediment bypasses the RVFSs through ditches, sewers and road surfaces. These results suggest that, at the catchment scale, RVFSs should be accompanied with other conservation techniques that are more appropriate for reducing river sediment loads, and that also reduce on‐site soil erosion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Joint processing and analysis of seismic gravity measurements in Capital Circle area

In Capital Circle area, there are three groups of repeated gravity measurements observed by different institutes using different instruments or methods. The simultaneous adjustment of absolute and relative measurements and the elimination of systematic error among the relative measurements have been carded out in this paper. Thus an unified temporal gravity change system with absolute reference has been established. On the basis of this, the crustal subsidence effect on gravity, which belongs to non-tectonic factor, is analyzed and the station displacement corrections are carried out, so that the long-wave disturbance is eliminated. So far our following aims are realized： the advantages of the absolute and relative measurement methods are complementary to each other; the contradiction and environment disturbance are eliminated; the amounts of information are enlarged; the sampling interval of time domain is compressed. In a word, the ability of identifying the tectonic activity process is enhanced. The results show that： there are systematic errors between the two groups of relative measurements and within the data of 10 campaigns ; the uneven local crustal subsidence in the southeast of the study area results in a linear rise of gravity value at 10 stations; they can be corrected by the regression analysis. The maps of revised temporal gravity change can obviously and integrally reflect the Ms=5.0 earthquake in Guye on October 6, 1995.     

辽宁深井承压水位潮汐响应函数的初步研究

介绍了辽宁省地震水动态监测网19口井固体潮汐响应函数的计算结果,基于M2波潮汐因子及其月离散相对误差,分析了各观测井潮汐响应函数对地壳应变的响应灵敏度、潮汐因子的动态稳定性和监测效能。结果表明:在所列19口观测井中,如果以M2波潮汐因子0.2m/10-9作为潮汐响应幅值的下限,则除甘沟子以外的18口井可用于潮汐响应函数的研究;如果以M2波潮汐因子的月离散相对误差20%作为选择观测井的上限,则除瓦房店楼房井、岫岩1井、周家井、丹东变电所井、牛四井、容2井和阜新市甘沟子等井以外的12口井可用于潮汐参数的动态特征研究。     

基于扁铲侧胀试验的桩基水平承载力分析

依据扁铲侧胀试验的结果,对桩侧土水平抗力系数的比例系数进行了估算,并估算出单桩水平承载力设计值;根据单桩水平载荷试验的成果,计算出试验桩的水平临界荷载平均值,并得到桩侧土水平抗力系数的比例系数;在此基础上,对两者进行了对比分析,其单桩水平承载力非常接近,但比例系数存在差异。认为不宜将试桩的结果直接应用于工程桩的水平承载力计算,应根据工程桩的实际情况,考虑承台、桩群、土相互作用产生的群桩效应。     

聚晶金刚石取心钻头的研究与应用

煤田勘探中存在大硬度、弱研磨性、高胶结强度地层的低钻效问题，为此进行了聚晶金刚石取心钻头的研制。该聚晶钻头底唇设计为阶梯状，水口不超过8个，聚晶在底唇上采用抛物线布局。聚品金刚石取心钻头经与PDC钻头、金刚石钻头对比，其在大部分地层磨损正常，钻效有较大提高。     

LBM钻井液在绳索取心钻进中的应用

LBM钻井液是一种低粘度低失水量的高效造浆材料，通过在绳索取心中应用，证明了LBM钻井液具有良好的抑制水敏性地层膨胀与分散的能力．可有效防止粘附卡钻事故及解决钻杆内壁结垢问题．是绳索取心钻进较理想的钻井液材料。     

Experiments on the primary migration of oil from source rocks

Simulation experiments on the primary migration of oil were carried out on massive samples. The results proved that oil generated from source rocks was expelled in the form of an independent oil phase. High oil-expulsion efficiency was observed. It follows that the primary migration of oil is not directly dependent on the quantity of oil generated from the source rocks. Therefore, the oil-expulsion proportion was high though some source rocks yielded only a limited amount of oil. A great deal of gas was produced at the same time of oil-generation. Thus, it can be concluded that the main expulsion energy for oil primary migration came from these gases.     

住宅侧墙绿化的降温增湿效应研究

对住宅小区的侧墙绿化墙面与裸露墙面温湿度的对比分析发现,侧墙绿化可以有效地改善墙体的温湿度状况;同时通过观测爬墙虎的蒸腾速率,推算出其对环境的降温增湿效果;并通过有侧墙绿化与无侧墙绿化室内温湿度分析比较,说明侧墙绿化对室内温湿度的影响。     

斜拉桥索塔三维相对基准定位方法研究

结合斜拉桥索塔基准放样及斜拉索预埋钢管的精密定位的需要，提出了一种新的基于测量机器人的三维相对基准放样方法，并成功用于灌河特大桥斜拉桥主桥的施工放样。实践证明，与传统的方法相比，该方法具有方便、高效、精度高等特点。