华北地台北缘三个硫-多金属成矿带中几个远景区的资源预测

通过对华北地台北缘狼山-渣尔泰、燕辽及林西一带三个硫-多金属成矿带的资源远景评价,采用"欧氏距离相似系数法"进行了资源潜力预测。分别圈定出:三贵口、白音布拉沟尤阁庙、小并沟A级远景区,对门山哈沙图庙、南公中、欧布乞B级远景区;沙窝店、杨树沟A级远景区,黄土梁、梓木林、赵家村、峪尔崖B级远景区;雅马吐、敖尔盖-阿德勒根山、昭胡都格、驼峰山A级远景区,代铜山、好来宝B级远景区。在三个区中选择三贵口、沙窝店、羊山砬子、驼峰山、昭胡都格等几处(多金属)硫铁矿进行了具体评价,证实了该区具有较大的找矿潜力。     

A Landslide Hazard Assessment and Vulnerability Appraisal Procedure: Vunguvungu/Banga Catchment,Northern Malawi

Landslides are a common phenomenon in parts of Malawi. A number of historical landslides have been documented, and are summarised here. This paper examines the occurrence of landslides in the Rumphi district of northern Malawi, concentrating on the catchment of the Vunguvungu and Banga rivers. This is an area of deeply weathered biotitic gneiss and muscovite schist, with deep, sandy soils, comparatively steep slopes and a rainfall in excess of 1,500 mm per annum. These factors, in association with changing land use patterns, have contributed to the landslide vulnerability of the area. The investigation focuses, as a case study, on the Banga landslide of 1997 for which data are available, and which occurred after unseasonal rain. A unique combination of natural and human induced factors is proposed in explaining the occurrence of landslides. The paper concludes by proposing an elementary vulnerability appraisal procedure for the catchment and by discussing the potential risk of landslides in this area.     

煤储层吸附特征研究现状及展望

从吸附机理、吸附数学模型、吸附影响因素以及多元气体吸附等几个方面，综述了国内外煤储层吸附气体研究的现状，分析了当前我国煤储层吸附研究中存在的问题和难点，对下一步煤储层吸附研究的发展趋势和需要解决的问题作了进一步的探讨。     

劈裂式灌浆技术在中小型水库除险加固工程中的应用

文章通过对劈裂式灌浆机理的分析,针对各类坝型的特点,从施工方法、灌浆工艺、灌浆参数等方面分别分析了劈裂式灌浆技术在粘土心墙坝、均质风化料坝、砂土坝、石碴坝等坝型中的应用及高水位条件下的灌浆效果,得出结论:劈裂式灌浆技术通过改良施工工艺和浆液比重,可加快施工进度,提高浆脉厚度至20～30cm,具有较高的应用价值.     

Lognormality in the observed size distribution of oil and gas pools as a consequence of sampling bias

Economic filtration has been offered as an explanation of the observed lognormality in the size distribution of discovered oil and gas deposits. The result leads to the conclusion that one cannot impute the shape of the underlying parent distribution from the observed discoveries size distribution. The fact that the largest pools tend to be discovered early in the exploration history of an area of interest suggests the existence of an inherent sampling bias in the discovery process. The bias is influenced by the levels of geologic knowledge and technological sophistication. Furthermore, the existence of the bias leads to lognormality in the observed discoveries size distribution of oil and gas pools. A discovery process model explicitly incorporating the notion of sampling bias was applied to a series of Weibull parent frequency size distributions. The selected parent distributions are of a class suggested in the literature as more reflective of nature's size distribution and have empirical support. The distribution of discoveries resulting from the application of the model to the chosen parent size distributions were tested for lognormality using a chi-squared test. Lognormality was found to be an acceptable model of the discoveries size distribution over a wide range of resource exhaustion measures. When combined with the notion of economic filtration, sampling bias leads to the conclusion that one should not expect the lognormal distribution to accurately represent the underlying parent size distribution of oil and gas deposits.     

中国珠宝评估（业）发展现状及近10年进展综述

中国珠宝评估行业发轫于20世纪末期,经过近10年的努力,已建立了相对完整的珠宝职业化评估体系。近10年来,中国珠宝评估产业获得了良好的发展,其中在珠宝评估的制度化建设、不同种类宝（玉）石品质特征及其分级标准的制定等方面取得了较为重要的进展。但对珠宝评估市场的培育及建立珠宝评估师公信力、特殊类型珠宝的评估方法、珠宝评估立法等问题的研究深度与广度仍有待加强。     

焦作可持续发展的综合评价与分析

文章从可持续发展的概念出发,在充分考虑经济发展、环境保护、社会发展和资源开发利用等多方面因素的基础上,结合焦作市的实际,构建了该市可持续发展三层递阶层次指标体系以及层次分析法和数理统计方法相结合的状态趋势评价模型,并进行了综合评价和分析,提出了相应对策。     

圆弧形公路边坡稳定性分析的神经网络法

边坡的稳定性往往取决于一些难以确定的非线性因素.而人工神经网络法具有并行处理数据与信息、良好的容错特性和较强的抗噪声能力,可以通过自学功能从样本实例中获得复杂的非线性关系,能模拟人脑的某些智能行为,因而适用于解决非确定性的边坡稳定性评价问题.本文建立了边坡稳定性评价的神经网络BP模型,用收集到的边坡稳定破坏实例作为样本进行学习,对桂林-柳州一级公路中K250段公路边坡进行了稳定性评价,结果表明:神经网络法是一种有效的边坡稳定性分析方法.     

基于PRA方法的农户对干旱区草原生态保护政策的认知分析

自2000年以来,中国草原牧区实施的一系列草原建设和保护工程引起了草地利用方式和农牧民传统生产模式的改变。农牧户作为生产经营活动的直接参与者和草原生态保护政策的实施主体,其认知态度与行为选择将直接影响政策实施效果,对草原生态环境有着直接影响。以黑河上游肃南县干旱区草原为例,选取了自由放牧区、半农半牧区和舍饲养殖区三个不同类型牧区,采用参与式农户评估方法（PRA）,分析了农牧民对草原生态保护政策的认知情况和实施效果及其在当前政策背景下倾向性的草原放牧措施。结果表明：（1）相对宽松的草地资源约束使自由放牧区内农牧民的草原保护政策认知水平较高,58.1%的农牧户对季节性休牧和补贴数额有较高的认同度,但存在超载放牧现象。（2）半农半牧区和舍饲养殖区农牧民对草原保护政策的认知水平偏低,同时,舍饲养殖导致的生产成本上升使该趋势进一步加剧,71.7%的农牧户响应禁牧政策的积极性不高且认为禁牧补贴数额不合理。建议从增加非农就业机会、完善农村金融服务体系、细化草原补奖标准和调整草地资源约束的角度因地制宜采取配套措施,实现保护生态和农牧民增收双目标。     

协调度模型在城市土地利用潜力评价中的应用

以往在利用协调度模型进行相关研究时,大多采用两段叙述的分段函数,假定所有序参量的功效性都是单向的,非正即负。然而城市土地利用系统中影响系统发展与演化的各个序参量对系统有序的功效并非都是单向的,某些序参量的功效可能会发生正负性的转变。因此,针对城市土地利用系统的特点,有必要在功效函数中引入第三段函数,改进传统的功效函数和协调度函数,以建立更适用于城市土地利用系统研究的协调度模型。利用该模型对广州市天河区的城市土地利用潜力进行实证评价,结果显示天河区的土地利用系统基本有序,发展比较协调,但距离最优状态尚有潜力可挖;环境和社会子系统的发展较为欠缺,在未来用地挖潜的过程中应予以重视。