南极普里兹湾海域夏季异常表层水温及其成因

用连续两次（１９９１／１９９２年，１９９２／１９９３年）南大洋考察的ＣＴＤ资料，分析了普里兹湾海域夏季表层温度分布。分析表明，在艾默里冰架东北部有一个高温区。用卫星遥感冰图讨论了出现高水温海况的原因。     

Seasonal physical–chemical structure and acoustic Doppler current profiler flow patterns over multiple years in a shallow, stratified estuary, with implications for lateral variability

The overall goal of this study was to strengthen understanding of the hydrographic structure in shallow estuaries as influenced by seasonal and depth-dependent variability, and by variability from extreme meteorological events. The mesohaline Neuse Estuary, North Carolina, U.S.A., which was the focus, receives surface inputs from upriver and tributary freshwater sources and bottom inputs from downriver high-salinity sound water sources, resulting in varying degrees of stratification. To assess depth-dependent, estuary-wide changes in salinity, a multiple time series was created using data from four discrete depths (surface and 1, 2, and 3 m±0.25 m). The database was developed from weekly to biweekly sampling of the entire water column, and included side-channel as well as mid-channel data. We characterized seasonal differences in halocline depth affecting the hydrographic structure of the mesohaline estuary and site-specific variation in nutrient concentrations, based on a comprehensive eight-year physical/chemical database. The first two years of the record showed an expected seasonal signal and included events that impacted the surface layer from freshwater inputs. Remaining years had greater variability over seasons and depths, with freshening events that affected all depths. Halocline depth was compared at specific locations, and a “snapshot” view was provided of the relative depth of these water masses within the estuary by season. We also examined flow patterns at the same cross-estuary sites over a three-year period, using a boat-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) with bottom-tracking capability. Composite visualizations constructed with single-transect ADCP data revealed a classical estuarine circulation pattern of outflow at the surface/southern shore and inflow at the bottom/northern shore. Although this pattern deviated under extreme climatological events and was sometimes variable, the estuary generally exhibited a high probability of direction of flow. Wind fields, hurricanes, and small-scale, high-precipitation events represented significant forcing variables.     

Global cyclostratigraphy: a model of carbonate growth patterns

Cyclostratigraphy is the study of cyclic depositional patterns produced by climatic and tectonic processes. A global-scale quantitative cyclostratigraphic model is described which simulates carbonate growth patterns controlled by tectonic and climatic processes. The model uses seven factors simulating the effects of physical and chemical environments on the deposition rates of carbonate accumulations. These factors are sea-level change, the rate of basement subsidence, food supply (influence of nutrients), available sunlight, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen. The factors are considered as functions of climatic and tectonic processes. The model also integrates Milankovitch-induced short-term climatic changes with the long-term tectonic evolution of basins to examine the potential carbonate accumulation patterns. The two-dimensional computer model results provided here show that: (1) carbonate growth patterns in different climates and under different tectonic processes can be modelled quantitatively; (2) carbonate production increases towards the equator (decreasing latitude) as the temperature and nutrition supply increase in tropical belts, and production changes because of expansion or contraction of the tropical belt in different climatic periods; (3) when matched with the turbidity, the model describes different carbonate accumulation patterns in different climatic patterns; (4) at either abnormally high or low salinity, carbonate accumulation rates decline sharply, and the salinity becomes normal away from the strand line; and (5) cyclic sea-level changes cause a cyclic change of carbonate accumulation. A case study is presented from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Texas. The simulation results indicate that carbonate growth patterns observed from field, well or seismic data are accurately modelled by the quantitative procedure given here.     

“胡焕庸线”的稳定性及其两侧人口集疏模式差异

"胡焕庸线"是反映中国人地关系的重要地理发现之一。在当今中国经济社会背景下,"胡焕庸线"所表达地理意义及其对城镇化发展的指导作用受到广泛关注。在GIS的支持下,构建了改革开放以来4次人口普查的县级空间数据库,提出人口时空扩张的识别方法,对"胡焕庸线"两侧的人口数量、集疏格局进行统计、分析,主要得出以下结论:1"胡焕庸线"两侧人口数量94:6的大数一直相对稳定,但东南半壁人口持续微减、西北半壁人口持续微增。得益于较高的自然增长率,西北半壁具有较高的人口增长速度。2"胡焕庸线"两侧呈现出迥然不同的人口集疏模式。东南半壁人口集中化程度提升较快,负增长区在"秦岭—淮河"以南、东北等地区大面积扩张、人口正增长优势逐步极化到长三角、珠三角、京津等少数地区,呈现"马太效应"式的集疏模式。主要是由于东南半壁内部区域经济差异及快速城镇化带来的剧烈人口流动。3西北半壁则呈现"相对均势"的人口集疏模式,多数地区的人口普遍表现为正增长,但是空间分布广袤、增长不集中,人口集中化程度提升缓慢。主要是由于少数民族"多分散、少聚居"造成了自然增长优势的不集中。然而均势是相对而不是绝对的,同样存在一定的负增长区,主要分布在"胡焕庸线"和"新欧亚大陆桥"两条带上。4未来时期,"胡焕庸线"两侧的人口分布及集疏格局将进一步演化,东南半壁应关注内陆腹地及中小城镇对人口的吸纳作用,西北半壁应关注将分散的人口增长优势向少数城镇进行集聚,以期为人口地理学研究以及城镇化发展提供参考。     

甘肃省玉米生产空间格局变迁及驱动因素——基于全膜双垄沟播技术的视角

基于1991—2011年甘肃省各地区玉米生产面板数据,以雨养旱作农业技术革命——全膜双垄沟播技术为视角,在对玉米产量时空尺度分析的基础上,运用灰色系统关联分析法,构建关于玉米产量及其10个影响因素的交互作用关联度模型,分2个时段对玉米生产驱动机制进行阐析。研究结果表明:2003年以来,甘肃省玉米产量出现突发性持续上升的根本原因是大面积推广全膜双垄沟播技术,反映该技术的指标——地膜玉米覆盖面积已成为影响玉米产量的首要因子,对甘肃省玉米生产空间格局变迁产生了深刻影响。     

秦岭造山带古热水场地球化学类型及流体动力学模型探讨——热水沉积成矿盆地分析与研究方法之二

采用地质类比方法, 结合秦岭造山带热水沉积岩相研究, 提出热水沉积体系概念。通过现代陆相及海相热泉和秦岭热水沉积岩相对比, 按化学成分可将古热水场划分为强酸性硫酸盐型、弱酸强碱碳酸盐型、以ＳｉＯ２ 为酸酐型、碱性富Ｍｇ 重卤水型、热卤水型及强酸性硼硅酸盐型等６ 种类型古热水场。并对典型热水场的地球化学类型特征及成岩成矿作用进行了讨论。在前人研究的基础上, 探讨了热水系统的流体地球化学动力学。提出了热水沉积成矿盆地中热水系统的两类地球化学流体动力学模型, 热水层流体系模型和不同成分、性状的热水混合体系模型。从热水系统的边界协同学约束条件、空间拓朴结构、流体通量动量方程及矿质大规模沉淀的地球化学动力学等方面对这两类流体动力学模型进行了讨论。     

四川盆地海相三叠系异常水化学探盐找钾的研究

四川盆地海相三叠系是四川探盐找钾的重要层位。通过地质背景的分析,盐类保存、水动力条件和水化学特征在不同水文地质区表现不一,反映在异常水型也极不一致。利用异常水点离子的比例系数在海水浓缩曲线图上的落点位置,判别水点成因类型,从而发现盆地东北宣汉、盆地西部平落和盆地东部万县向斜周边背斜水点具含钾溶滤水特征,值得重视和进一步探索。