Linking past flood frequencies in Norway to regional atmospheric circulation anomalies

Analysis of two continuous, high‐resolution palaeo‐flood records from southern Norway reveals that the frequency of extreme flood events has changed significantly during the Holocene. During the early and middle Holocene, flood frequency was low; by contrast, it was high over the last 2300 years when the mean flood frequency was about 2.5–3.0 per century. The present regional discharge regime is dominated by spring/summer snowmelt, and our results indicate that the changing flood frequency cannot be explained by local conditions associated with the respective catchments of the two lakes, but rather long‐term variations of solid winter precipitation and related snowmelt. Applying available instrumental winter precipitation data and associated sea‐level pressure re‐analysis data as a modern analogue, we document that atmospheric circulation anomalies, significantly different from the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), have some potential in explaining the variability of the two different palaeo‐flood records. Centennial‐scale patterns in shifting flood frequency might be indicative of shifts in atmospheric circulation and shed light on palaeo‐pressure variations in the North Atlantic region, in areas not influenced by the NAO. Major shifts are found at about 2300, 1200 and 200 years ago (cal. a BP). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

砂岩储层中不同赋存状态油砂抽提物的地球化学特征:长链酮①——以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组为例

对采自西峰油田三叠系延长组六个油砂样品中游离烃、束缚烃的饱和烃、芳烃和氯仿馏分进行了系统的分析。在氯仿馏分中检测出一系列异常丰富的正构烷基酮化合物，其碳数分布范围C13～ C33,具有强烈的奇碳优势。研究表明:正构烷基酮的演化受热演化（成熟度）的影响，在成熟度较低的束缚烃中，主要分布正构烷基 2 酮；而在成熟度较高的游离烃中，主要为正构烷基 3,4,5,6（或更高） 酮异构体。表现为随着成熟度的增加，正构烷基酮的羰基(∶CO)由2位向更高位迁移的趋势。正构烷基酮的形成是由于菌藻类和高等植物类脂中的脂肪酸，在粘土矿物等催化作用下，经β 氧化后脱羧基而形成。在束缚烃和游离烃中正构烷基酮的分布特征，可用于油气成藏差异的研究。     

钻探技术新进展

介绍了国外近几年钻探技术的某些新进展 ,主要包括自动控向钻进系统 ,电动柔杆钻进系统 ,全球定位系统在钻探中的应用以及模拟钻进系统在钻探教育中的应用     

Analysis of Gravity Changes before and after the Akto MS6.7 Earthquake in 2016

This paper analyzes the characteristics of time sequence changes of gravity points near the epicenter, different changes of measuring lines and gravity changes of measuring areas in point-line-area manner respectively with the 5-period mobile gravity data through densified observation by the South Xinjiang Observation Network after the 2015-2016 Akto earthquake in Xinjiang. The gravity observation results before the earthquake indicate that the Wuqia-Bulungkol area near the epicenter presented the trend of gravity value increasing since 2015, but the gravity value decreased half a year before the earthquake, and witnessed a high gradient zone of gravity changes during some periods before the earthquake. The gravity observation results after the earthquake show that there is a trend of opposite changes in gravity difference on the northern and southern sides of Bulunkou, and good correspondence exists between the characteristics of gravity field changes near the epicenter before and after the earthquake and the geologic structure distribution in the area.     

NOAA WP-3D instrumentation and flight operations on AGASP-II

The second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP-II) was conducted across the non-Soviet Arctic in March and April 1986, to study the aerosol, gaseous, chemical, and optical properties of Arctic haze. One component of the program was supported with an instrumented NOAA WP-3D atmospheric research aircraft. Measurements of wind, temperature, ozone, water vapor, condensation nucleus concentration, and aerosol scattering extinction coefficient were used to determine the locations and properties of haze layers. The first three NOAA WP-3D research flights were conducted north of Barrow, Alaska, and over the Beaufort Sea northeast of Barter Island, Alaska. The next three sampled conditions in the high Arctic near Alert, Northwest Territories, Canada. All basic meteorological, gas, and aerosol systems are described. The WP-3D flight tracks and operations are presented.     

武汉白沙洲长江大桥百米长桩成孔技术与施工实践

介绍了百米长桩的施工方法、施工设备、护孔技术,并就深孔实施泵吸反循环的可行性、主要技术措施以及强风化岩层的糊钻问题进行了分析。     

Review on Montane Forest Eco-hydrology in Arid Area

Since the forest eco-hydrology of arid area shows a well sensitivity of the global climate change, the relationship between forest and water and the hydrological function has attracted the attention of academic communites and management departments. This paper expounds the research progress in arid mountain forest eco-hydrology, and analyses the formation and stable mechanism of forest patch pattern, the relationship between forest and water yield and the response of forest eco-hydrology to climate change from three aspects: Forest spatial pattern, hydrological process and its response to climate change. In addition, combined with the current research progress, the research emphases in the future are put forward: Strengthening the research on the coupling of vegetation pattern and hydrological process; solving the scale problem by using remote sensing technique and model; enhancing the understanding towards the hydrological function of forest; determining the suitable forest scale which can balance the relationship of ecology and hydrological effect.     

铜仁地区陡山沱期盖帽碳酸盐岩地质地球化学特征及其成因

通过对贵州铜仁地区陡山沱期盖帽碳酸盐岩进行野外地质观察与室内岩石薄片显微镜下观察和研究,发现盖帽碳酸盐岩普遍发育有晶洞构造、帐篷构造、层状裂隙及包卷状构造等特殊沉积构造,重晶石、黄铁矿广泛发育,δ(13C)(2个研究剖面平均值分别为-4.73×10-3,-4.52×10-3)普遍显著负偏。研究区盖帽碳酸盐岩的地质地球化学特征依据"甲烷渗漏"成因假说能够较合理地解释。     

21世纪的大洋钻探——IODP

人类在地球科学方面已取得了相当大的成就,但就研究范围而言,却仅仅触及了地球的表层。IODP是一项国际性的大洋钻探计划,预期将于2003年10月正式开始实施。IODP将运用新的科学方法、科技设备,使人类对大洋底乃至整个地球系统得出更深、更广的认识。简单介绍了IODP的由来、组织机构、钻井技术、前期科学目标及中国的深海研究现状,提出中国参与IODP的必要性和可行性。通过了解21世纪的IODP在研究课题及研究技术方面的最新动态,不仅有助于我国根据国际动态调整深海研究的方向,制定符合我国需求的研究计划,而且有助于我国把握参与21世纪IODP的时机和策略,迎接“海洋世纪”的挑战,从而逐步实现“从地学大国走向地学强国”的目标。     

西安南郊丰水年秋季土壤水分研究

 通过对西安南郊丰水年秋季土壤含水量的测定，研究了地下0~6 m之间土壤含水量的变化与土壤干层的恢复问题。研究结果表明，丰水年西安南郊人工林下2~3 m的土壤含水量在20％左右，远远高于正常年份的土壤含水量，而且大于表层和深层的土壤含水量。分析得出，土壤干层发育较弱的地区在降水丰富的年份可以得到一定程度的恢复；西安地区基本适合进行人工造林；通过人工措施，增强降水入渗和土壤含水量，对树木成活和长期的生长应当具有明显的作用。