Physico‐chemical features of lake Ototoa,a sand‐dune lake in northern New Zealand

Lake Ototoa is a warm monomictic lake at 36° 31’ S, 174° 14'E. During a year's study (March 1969‐March 1970), the lake became thermally stratified in November, the metalimnion being between depths of 12 m and 16 m. Surface temperatures ranged between 10.2°c (in August) and 25.2°c (in late January), and bottom temperatures between 9.7°c and 17.5°c. The annual heat budget was calculated to be 642 354 KJ.m^‐2 (15 500 cal.cm^‐2) and the work of the wind in distributing the heat income 1.730 KJ.m^‐2 (1766 g.cm.cm^‐2). Secchi disc transparencies ranged between 5 m and 9.2 m (mean 7.07 m) and were greatest in the summer. Light transmission per metre was also high, ranging between 61% and 87%. Surface waters were normally supersaturated with oxygen, but during summer stratification oxygen concentrations in the bottom waters dropped to a minimum of 2.3 mg.litre^‐2 and a positive heterograde distribution of oxygen with depth was found. The oxygen deficit was 0.015 mg.cm^‐2.day^‐1 and showed the lake to be oligotrophic. Mean surface pH was 7.82, and the ionic composition of the waters was similar to that of other small New Zealand and Australian lakes located near the sea. Compared with other New Zealand lakes PO4‐P concentrations (range 1.00–10.20 μg.litre^‐1) were low and NO3—N concentrations (range 0.12–0.60 mg.litre^‐1) high.     

亚钛还原钒酸铵微量滴定法测定矿石中微量铀方法的改进

根据亚钛还原钒酸铵滴定法的测定原理,对样品溶样、过滤洗涤、还原氧化、滴定等操作方法做了改进。磷酸-盐酸-过氧化氢混合酸低温溶解样品,离心分离过滤,亚钛还原UO22+,过量亚钛用次溴酸钠氧化,尿素亚硝酸钠混合液进一步氧化未被次溴酸钠氧化的微量低价杂质。在小体积(10 mL)范围内,用低浓度钒酸铵标准溶液进行滴定操作测定微量铀,滴定终点清晰,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0.05%~0.07%,方法测定下限为0.001%,适于矿石和矿渣中0.001%~0.01%铀的测定。方法简便、快速,能满足生产和科研的需要。     

钾铵基聚合物泥浆在大同煤田复杂地层钻进中的应用

煤田地质钻探中,白垩系卵石层、多层采空区及泥岩地层是一大钻进难题。一是上部长孔段砂卵层胶结松散,易垮塌;二是下部泥岩水敏性强,膨胀性大,节理裂隙发育,极易产生缩径、造浆及不同程度的渗漏;三是多层采空区的护壁问题。针对这些问题,在大同煤田复杂地层钻进中,经反复实验选用了钾铵基聚合物低固相泥浆。实践证明,采用钾铵基聚合物低固相泥浆,可有效防止孔内坍塌、掉块、缩径,预防孔内事故,提高钻进效率,降低成本,达到了正常的钻进目的。     

离子色谱法检测二次精盐水中的痕量铵

建立了利用分离-抑制型电导检测离子色谱法测定30%二次精盐水中痕量铵的方法。以高容量IonPac CS16阳离子交换分离柱分离,甲烷磺酸淋洗液一步梯度洗脱,抑制型电导检测。对铵离子检测方法的线性范围为5~100μg/L,相关系数为0.9995,铵的检出限(S/N=3)为1.9μg/L。方法成功用于二次精盐水中痕量铵的检测。对样品进行加标回收试验,回收率为88%~107%。样品只需简单稀释、过滤后即可直接进样分析。方法操作简单、选择性好、灵敏度高。     

容量法测定锰矿石中锰不确定度评定

以硝酸铵-硫酸亚铁铵容量法测定锰矿中锰为例进行系统的不确定度评定。不确定度的来源主要包括分析过程中所用的仪器设备、标准工作溶液、试液定容体积及测量重复性等引入的不确定度分量。计算出各分量的不确定度,通过合成得到测量结果的标准不确定度、扩展不确定度及测试结果的报告形式。     

用于多接收器等离子体质谱测定的铁铜锌同位素标准溶液研制

近十来年铁铜锌同位素研究已经成为热门研究领域,铁铜锌同位素分析方法日趋成熟,但是铁铜锌同位素标准物质却十分匮乏。目前欧盟参考物质及测量研究所(IRMM)有1个铁同位素标准物质和1个锌同位素标准物质,前者售罄,后者价格昂贵;美国国家标准局(NIST)有1个铜同位素标准物质。为了适应我国铁铜锌同位素研究的发展,本文使用铁铜锌元素浓度标准溶液作为备选标准溶液研制了铁铜锌三个同位素标准溶液(CAGS-Fe、CAGS-Cu和CAGS-Zn)。三个备选标准溶液经过F检验均匀性良好;在38个月内δ56Fe、δ57Fe、δ65Cu、δ66Zn和δ68Zn值没有显著性变化,具有良好的稳定性;主要特性值的推荐值及95%置信水平的不确定度为:CAGS-Fe,δ56FeIRMM014(‰)=0.80±0.05,δ57FeIRMM014(‰)=1.20±0.10;CAGS-Cu,δ65CuIRMM976(‰)=0.57±0.06;CAGS-Zn,δ66ZnIRMM3702(‰)=-0.77±0.10,δ68ZnIRMM3702(‰)=-1.55±0.13。本文研制的标准溶液可用于多接收器等离子体质谱仪测定铁铜锌同位素时的仪器校正和质谱分析过程监控,对于不同实验室的测试数据对比具有重要意义。     

DPQAC-PAC-MC复合改性粘土在不同介质中的絮凝行为研究

改性粘土法絮凝消除浮游微藻是我国迄今唯一得到大规模应用的有害赤潮应急处置方法,研发安全高效的改性粘土材料是该方法发展的重要方向之一.本文研究了双烷基聚氧乙烯基三季铵盐(DPQAC)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)复合改性粘土获得新材料DPQAC-PAC-MC在去离子水、海水及东海原甲藻藻液(Prorocentrum dongha...