我国航空重磁勘探技术现状与发展趋势

本文概要介绍了我国航空磁力测量方法技术现状,近年来测量技术与解释方法方面的最新进展,首次介绍了我国引进国外航空重力测量系统以来的最新测量技术成果,分析了我国航空物探技术与国际上先进国家的差距,并对我国航空物探的发展趋势进行了分析与预测.     

利用Sentinel-1监测武汉市地面沉降

各大城市地下空间规划工程的建设施工,导致不同程度地面沉降的地质灾害.本文以2020年6月至2021年3月武汉市主城区的Sentinel-1A数据作为数据源,采用小基线集技术对该地区进行地表形变监测,并对其监测成果进行采样,形成时间序列形变图,通过对沉降数据对比分析,甄别出形变异常的区域,其成果可为防控地面沉降及其灾害链...     

一种地形自适应的机载LiDAR点云正则化TPS滤波方法

随着机载激光雷达成像技术（LiDAR）的不断发展,激光点云数据处理的相关研究也在不断深入。点云滤波是机载激光雷达点云数据处理的重要环节之一。针对多数经典滤波方法在复杂地形和地物条件下的滤波效果不够理想的现状,提出一种新的基于相对变异系数的地形自适应正则化薄板样条插值点云滤波方法。采用二维区域增长获取初始插值参考点后,基于线特征约束对参考点进行优化,去除部分低可靠性参考点以得到较准确、分布离散均匀的初始插值参考点集合,在此基础上通过正则化薄板样条插值方式来拟合地形点与地物点之间的滤波分类面,完成对机载激光点云的高精度自适应滤波。对比实验结果表明,本文的地形自适应滤波方法在2组实验数据的总体错误率分别达到4.14%和4.17%,在错误率和多地形综合表现等方面具有优势,且滤波运算效率在目前主流的滤波算法中处于较高水平。另外,实验结果验证了地形自适应滤波方法在斜坡、山脊等起伏较多的复杂地形与包含植被和建筑物的混合地形等处的点云滤波结果具有较好的准确性。     

Mapping groundwater discharge to a coastal lagoon using combined spatial airborne thermal imaging,radon (222Rn) and multiple physicochemical variables

Coastal lagoons are significant wetland environments found on coastlines throughout the world. Groundwater seepage may be a key component of lagoon water balances, though only a few studies have investigated large (>100 km²) coastal lagoons. In this study, we combined airborne thermal infrared imagery with continuous measurements of radon (²²²Rn—a natural groundwater tracer), conductivity, water temperature and dissolved oxygen to map groundwater seepage to a large coastal lagoon in New Zealand. We found evidence of seepage along the margins of the lagoon but not away from the margins. Our findings confirmed previously known seepage zones and identified new potential locations of groundwater inflow. Both point source and diffuse seepage occurred on the western and northwestern margins of the lagoon and parallel to the barrier between the lagoon and sea. These observations imply geologic controls on seepage. The combination of remote sensing and in-situ radon measurements allowed us to effectively map groundwater discharge areas across the entire lagoon. Combined, broad-scale qualitative methods built confidence in our interpretation of groundwater discharge locations in a large, dynamic coastal lagoon.     

Advancements in the U.S. army corps of engineers hydrographic survey capabilities: The SHOALS system

In an effort to modernize its hydrographic survey capabilities, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has undertaken a joint development program with Canada to construct and field test an operational prototype airborne lidar bathymeter system. The construction and field verification effort of this program began March 1990 with field tests scheduled for winter 1993. The system will be built by Optech, Inc., based on their design of the LARSEN 500, the only commercial lidar system currently producing bathymetric surveys.

The Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey (SHOALS) system will operate out of a medium‐sized helicopter such as the Bell 212 at approximately 200 meters altitude where the laser scanning system generates a swath width of just over 140 meters. System requirements dictate a laser operating at 200 Hz in both the blue‐green wave length for maximum water depth penetration and the infrared for surface interface recognition. Each laser shot strikes the water surface at a known location where its energy is partially reflected back to the receiver and partially transmitted through the water column. Transmitted energy undergoes scattering and absorption along its path to the bottom where the remaining energy is then reflected back to the receiver.

The Transceiver, Positioning, Acquisition, Control and Display, and Ground Based Data Processing subsystems make up the SHOALS system. These subsystems have been designed, constructed, and currently are being laboratory tested prior to total system integration and field testing. This article presents the system's design and discusses system use following development.     

滑坡蠕变与遥感影像上植被异常关系

以滑坡蠕变阶段坡体的蠕变会引起环境条件的改变，进而影响植被生长状况的野外考察客观现实为依据，提出一种间接监测滑坡变化的新方法。利用高分辨率光学遥感技术，对滑坡蠕变阶段遥感影像上坡体上覆植被的异常特征进行判识，建立遥感影像上植被异常与滑坡蠕变的关系，反映滑坡的演化过程，弥补GPS技术、InSAR技术及部分地面监测手段在地势高、地形陡峭、植被茂盛等条件下监测工作的不足，为后续的滑坡预测研究提供帮助。以植被覆盖度较高的新磨村山体高位滑坡为例，首先，对研究区域进行分区；其次，计算各分区的植被覆盖度；最后，利用植被覆盖度分析遥感影像上的植被异常与滑坡蠕变的关系，并根据滑后遥感影像和实地考察情况进行验证。结果显示，2014年—2016年，滑坡的主要物源区、变形体上方细长局部崩滑区和泉眼及冲沟周边的植被覆盖度出现明显的下降，即随着滑坡发生时间的临近，植被受滑坡蠕变的影响变大，植被生长状况变差；而且随着距裸地等滑坡风险较大区域的距离增大，植被受滑坡蠕变的影响变小，植被生长状况变好。这表明，植被异常与滑坡蠕变存在明显的时空相关性，体现了滑坡蠕变阶段遥感影像上植被异常与滑坡蠕变的内在联系，反映了滑坡逐步失稳的演化过程，为进一步预测滑坡的发生提供依据。     

利用MAPGIS空间分析技术制作地质编码

地质编码是用数字符号来表示地质层体的代码,制作地质编码有多种方法。这里详细介绍了利用MAPGIS空间分析技术制作地质编码的方法过程。通过与逐线手动输入法进行对比,认为用该技术制作地质编码具有精度高、工作效率高和自动化程度高的优点。该技术已在航放测量中得到较好的应用。     

小波分析方法在航磁资料数据处理中的应用

航磁异常包含了地下各磁性体的叠加效应,为了更好地进行异常分离,尝试利用小波多尺度分析方法进行航磁异常的分离,其能够将异常分解到多个不同尺度上,来反映不同深度场源体产生的异常,具有较好的分离效果,值得进一步推广使用。     

固定翼时间域航空电磁勘查系统研发进展

基于国产Y12IV型轻型固定翼飞机平台, 开展了专用飞机改装、大磁矩发射、三分量接收、海量数据实时收录等关键技术攻关, 研制了具有完全自主知识产权的固定翼时间域航空电磁勘查系统样机; 成功开展了半航空试验试飞, 系统样机功能、性能等达到了世界先进水平。固定翼时间域航空电磁勘查系统研发取得关键进展。     

利用航空物探资料圈定隐伏岩(磁性)体——以巴彦淖尔—包头地区为例

根据新完成的内蒙古巴彦淖尔-包头1∶5万航磁、航放资料,对比已知中基性侵入岩和出露的白云鄂博群磁性层的航磁异常特征,以及出露的二叠纪花岗岩航放特征,结合地质、物性和化探等资料,在中新生代覆盖区共圈定隐伏岩体或隐伏磁性体53片。其中利用航磁资料推断隐伏岩体45片,推断隐伏磁性层位6片,推断隐伏火山岩区1片;利用航放资料推断隐伏岩体1片。丰富了区域地质信息,为在覆盖区寻找隐伏矿、盲矿提供参考。