贝叶斯统计方法在海浪方向谱研究中的应用

较详细介绍了贝叶斯统计方法在海浪方向谱估计中的应用,指出先验分布的不同对估计结果没有影响,由于均匀分布与最大熵原则相对应,使其具有某种特殊性.数值模拟表明贝叶斯方法对双峰方向分布估计的有效性,将其应用于黑海实测资料,证明双峰方向分布的出现依赖于估计方法分辨力的大小,而用最大似然法得到的双峰方向分布值得怀疑.最后给出出现双峰方向分布的一种可能物理解释.     

Formation of Equilibrium Beach Profile of the Abandoned Yellow River Delta Coast in North Jiangsu

The abandoned Yellow River Delta coast is a typical erodible silty and muddy coast in China. The paper analyses the marine dynamic characteristics and the mechanism of beach erosion of this area. Analysis and calculation show that in this sea area wave and tidal current action should be considered. Based on the above analysis, an equilibrium beach profile calculation model is developed, in which the wave-current interaction is considered while sediment supply and sediment re-deposition are neglected. The model consists of four parts: (1) calculation of wave parameters, (2) calculation of velocity due to wave-current interaction at different water depth, (3) calculation of friction velocity and shear stress at different water depths, and (4) calculation of the amount of sediment erosion, erosion intensity and variation of beach profile. Calculated results are in good agreement with observed data. Finally, the evolution tendency is discussed and the equilibrium beach profile of this coast is calculated. B     

A modified method to estimate chain inverse catenary profile in clay based on chain equation and chain yield envelope

Offshore floating facilities are fixed by anchoring systems embedded in seabed soils through chains or ropes. The chain inverse catenary profile embedded in soils influences both the anchor failure mechanism and the anchor holding capacity. The chain mobilizes varying soil normal and tangential resistances during motion, hence it is with difficulty to depict the chain profile. The present work proposed a modified method to estimate the chain inverse catenary profile with high accuracy based on the chain equations and the chain yield envelope. A testing arrangement with three load cells and two MEMS (Micro-electromechanical systems) accelerometers included was designed in model tests. By model tests, the loading combinations of the soil tangential and normal resistances on the chain were obtained and the yield envelopes for both chain and rope were determined. In addition, supplemental model tests were performed to validate the modified method proposed in this study, and the testing results indicated that the estimated chain inverse catenary profile was in good agreement with the actual one. Moreover, the testing arrangement is beneficial in investigating the chain-soil-anchor interaction.     

日本海天然气水合物气源成因及主控因素探讨

为了探讨日本海天然气水合物的气源成因及其控制因素, 收集和整理了日本海西南郁陵盆地和日本海东缘上越盆地及邻近的相关资料。结果显示,上越盆地及邻近海域甲烷羽状流、麻坑、自生碳酸盐岩及地震剖面上“气烟囱”和BSR等发育,块状水合物出露海底为热解成因;郁陵盆地羽状流不太发育,而自生碳酸盐岩和地震剖面上的“气烟囱”较发育,钻孔发现的水合物主要为生物成因。结合日本海构造演化特征综合分析认为,日本海东缘热解成因水合物的主控因素是近S—N向和近E—W向交互断裂作用以及NE—SW向的晚期构造挤压;日本海西南海域生物成因为主兼热解成因水合物的主控因素是NEE—SWW向的晚期构造挤压;而日本海西北海域构造定型早且缺少晚期构造挤压,因此,推测其水合物气源应该主要为生物成因,热成因的可能性很小。     

江苏近海风暴潮增水数值模拟研究

为研究江苏近海海域风暴潮的特性以及为该海域风暴潮增水变化机理及后报做铺垫,本文基于FVCOM(Finite Volume Coast and Ocean Model)海洋模式和Jelesnianski圆形台风风场模型,建立了江苏近海风暴潮数值模型,并对江苏近海的天文潮以及1109号台风和1210号台风引起的风暴潮进行模拟。结合验潮站水位观测,研究了连云港站和吕泗站的天文潮和风暴潮增水过程。我们将风暴潮与天文潮非线性作用下的风暴潮增水和纯风暴潮增水过程进行对比,讨论了天文潮与1109号和1210号台风风暴潮之间的非线性作用引起的增水特征。结果均表明,在天文潮高潮时,天文潮和风暴潮之间的非线性作用可以抑制增水,在天文潮低潮时,天文潮和风暴潮之间的非线性作用有利于增水。除了气象因子以及天文潮和风暴潮之间的非线性作用外,该海区的地理环境也对台风风暴潮增水产生影响。因此对江苏近海的海岸线变化和浅滩地形变化进行敏感性试验,结果表明,本文所设计的海岸线变化对该海域的风暴潮增水影响较小,江苏沿海岸线的向外推移使得江苏海域风暴潮的增水略微上涨,而本文所设计的地形的变化对风暴潮增水影响较大。     

Calculation and analysis of negative skin of monopile applied for offshore wind turbine

Monopiles are considered to be as a kind of viable foundation types for offshore wind turbines. The effect of negative skin friction on pile foundation is always an important problem. There are very important theoretical and practical significance to study the distribution law of negative skin friction and the calculation method. Based on the special stratum, the stress and strain of the monopile and soil are simplified, and the improved Kezdi’s double-broken-line model is adopted. The analytical solution of negative skin friction of monopile is deduced according to the degree of skin friction. An engineering case was analyzed by the method, and the calculated results agree well with the measured data. The calculation method proposed can accurately describe the range of the monopile skin frictional distribution and the position of the neutral point, and it is simple and convenient to calculate, that is also a feasible method for calculating the negative skin friction of monopile of offshore wind turbines in practical engineering.     

A dynamic response analysis of tension leg platforms including hydrodynamic interaction in regular waves

A numerical procedure is described for predicting the motion and structural responses of tension leg platforms (TLPs) in waves. The developed numerical approach, in a TLP is assumed to be flexible instead of rigid, is based on a combination of the three dimensional source distribution method and the finite-element method. The hydrodynamic interactions among TLP members, such as columns and pontoons, are included in the motion and structural response analysis. Numerical results are compared with the experimental and numerical ones. The results of comparison confirmed the validity of the proposed approach.     

关于底侵作用和拆沉作用在南海中的指示意义

南海位于印度板块、欧亚板块和太平洋板块之间,是世界上最大的边缘海。许多学者对其成因模式和动力学机制进行过多方面的探讨,但往往只注重地壳浅部和侧向碰撞的研究,而忽视了深部的壳幔相互作用。从地形地貌、岩石地球化学、地球物理学、岩相古地理学等地质事实出发,论述了南海存在着大规模的底侵作用和拆沉作用,并在前人研究的基础上,建立了简单的以底侵作用和拆沉作用为主的壳幔相互作用模型来模拟南海的形成演化过程,指出底侵作用和拆沉作用是南海形成演化过程中深部的主要推动力,对南海的形成演化有着非常重要的影响。     

Tidal Breakup of Comets

In the context of the survival of periodic comets of different origins, rotational breakup and tidal disruption could be important, especially of the short period comets injected from the Kuiper belt. This is because long-period comets from the distant Oort cloud tend to be subject to thermal stress and volatile 'explosion' far more severely. A simple calculation using the Öpik method of random planetary close encounters was performed to estimate the probability of tidal disruption of comets and scattered Kuiper belt objects (SKBOs) during their orbital migration. It was found that a large fraction of the short period comets and SKBOs might have been internally fragmented by single or multiple close encounters with the outer planets.     

Parrotfish mediation in coral mortality and bioerosion by the encrusting,excavating sponge Cliona tenuis

The parrotfish Sparisoma viride often grazes live coral from edges undermined by the Caribbean encrusting and excavating sponge Cliona tenuis. To test whether parrotfish biting action has an effect on the dynamics of the sponge–coral interaction, we manipulated access of parrotfishes to the sponge–coral border in two species of massive corals. When parrotfish had access to the border, C. tenuis advanced significantly more slowly into the coral Siderastrea siderea than into the coral Diploria strigosa. When fish bites were prevented, sponge spread into S. siderea was further slowed down but remained the same for D. strigosa. Additionally, a thinner layer of the outer coral skeleton was removed by bioerosion when fish were excluded, a condition more pronounced in D. strigosa than in S. siderea. Thus, the speed of sponge‐spread and the extent of bioerosion by parrotfish was coral species‐dependent. It is hypothesized that coral skeleton architecture is the main variable associated with such dependency. Cliona tenuis spread is slow when undermining live S. siderea owing to the coral’s compact skeleton. The coral’s smooth and hard surface promotes a wide and shallow parrotfish bite morphology, which allows the sponge to overgrow the denuded area and thus advance slightly faster. On the less compact skeleton of the brain coral, D. strigosa, sponge spread is more rapid. This coral’s rather uneven surface sustains narrower and deeper parrotfish bites which do not facilitate the already fast sponge progress. Parrotfish corallivory thus acts synergistically with C. tenuis to further harm corals whose skeletal architecture slows sponge lateral spread. In addition, C. tenuis also appears to mediate the predator–prey fish–coral interaction by attracting parrotfish biting.