基于比较优势的中国农业可持续发展区划

在相对可持续发展能力评估的基础上，完成了基于比较优势的中国农业可持续发展区划。首无建立了具有农业资源，农业发展，环境生态，农村社会，科教管理5个支持系统的农业可持续发展总能力指标体系，共选择源指标95个，采用相对资产／负债评估方法，对省（市，区）级各支持系统和总能力的相对净资产（比较优势）进行了评估，并用GIS与图形库联结显示空间分布。然后在此基础上依据区划则将中国分为9个农业发展地区（一级），22个农业发展副区（二级），一级地区反映农业可持续发展和问题治理的方向，二级副区反映农业可持续发展的水平，从而建立起中国农业可持续发展区划系统。     

云南省金沙江流域因灾减产粮食量分析

因灾减产粮食量是衡量农业自然灾害强度的重要指标。本文探索了农业自然灾害因灾减产粮食量测算的思路和方法,具体测算了云南金沙江流域45个县(市、区)1979-2000年农业自然灾害因灾减产粮食量,并分析了该流域因灾减产粮食量的特点和时空分异性。可为因地制宜地制定农业自然灾害防治规划和防灾减灾提供科学依据。     

Late Glacial and Holocene chironomid assemblages in Lac Long Inférieur (southern France, 2090 m): palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic implications

Changes in lake water temperature and trophic states were inferred using chironomid fossil assemblages from Lac Long Inférieur (Southern Alps, France). In the Late Glacial, a colder period, possibly analogous to the Younger Dryas, is characterised by a peak in Micropsectra, a cold stenothermic taxon. The increase in temperatures during the Late Glacial interstadial is indicated by a decrease in the percentages of cold stenothermic taxa (Tanytarsus lugens/Corynocera oliveri grp.) and by an increase in taxa linked to the development of vegetation in the littoral zone. The beginning of the Holocene is marked by the presence of taxa adapted to warmer and more eutrophic waters. During the Holocene, the progressive warming of the climate and increase in lake trophic status were indicated by the increase of eutrophic and warmer water indicators. An increase in tributary inflow into Lac Long Inférieur was also inferred by the increase in rheophilous taxa, reflecting increased snowmelt. During the Subatlantic, the composition of the chironomid spectra suggests a re-cooling of the climate and/or a decrease in lake trophic status.     

关于水资源规划中水资源量与生态用水量的探讨

由于人们对水资源量计算过程了解不够，常导致水资源量配置计算出现概念上错误，特别是现代水资源规划考虑生态用水的需要，在对待水资源量与生态用水量的关系上存在错误认识。本文从水资源量的一般概念分析出发，从确切的水资源量计算与分析上说明水资源量的组成、转化关系以及生态用水的概念及计算方法，并强调介绍水资源配置中如何考虑生态用水问题。为全国新一轮水资源综合规划工作提供支持。     

湖南亚热带丘岗区稻田生态系统水分平衡研究

作为亚热带丘岗区水资源的降雨资源较为丰沛，而且与水稻的生长季比较吻合，但是，降雨在水稻的生长期内分布不均以及降水频率的变率大，使得水稻在生长期内出现水分的盈亏现象，总的来说早稻表现为水分盈余态势，晚稻则表现为水分亏缺态势，特别是8、9月份会严重的水分亏缺，因此，灌溉是必不可少的，灌溉水主要是满足晚稻的生产，占总灌溉水量的71%。     

景观偏好研究进展及地理学响应探讨

以Web of Science和中国知识资源总库为数据来源,进行知识图谱分析发现：2009年以来,景观偏好研究发展较快,涉及学科多、主题广泛;国际以文化生态系统服务、公众偏好、美学分析等为研究方向;国内围绕居民、游客和公共绿地等开展研究;学术共同体未形成,地理学者较少;地理学对景观偏好研究的响应国际上以技术应用为主,国内集中在旅游地理方向。景观偏好聚焦于人景互动和人的尺度,符合地理学核心主题,与人文地理学发展契合。积极响应景观偏好研究,将为地理学研究拓展小微尺度、深入揭示新时代人地关系提供新领域。     

农户对农业绿色生产技术响应的影响因素 ——以青岛市为例

利用青岛市黄岛区和即墨区10个村庄共213个农户的实地调研数据,通过Logistic模型从秸秆还田、农家肥还田以及可降解农膜和绿色农药使用等方面考察农户对不同农业绿色生产技术的响应差异及影响因素。结果表明:(1)农户对农业绿色生产技术响应的影响因素确有差异。其中,施用绿色农药由农户资金情况主导,秸秆还田受种植结构和政策宣传影响较大,农家肥还田对土地规模要求较高,可降解农膜使用受种植结构影响较大。(2)户主和家庭特征对农户响应行为影响显著。(3)宣传与政策有利于促进农户采纳农业绿色生产技术,尤其是农户参与秸秆还田方面。针对结论提出了加强政策宣传与支持、开展专项教育培训、建立专项金融体系等政策建议。     

河南省农业信息化区域差异及其对农业经济增长的贡献

随着数字乡村战略的实施,农业信息化是现代农业发展的方向,探讨农业信息化对农业经济增长的影响有利于数字农业的健康发展。以河南省18个地市为例,运用波拉特法测算农业信息化水平,代入修正C-D生产函数模型,采用2009—2018年的面板数据分析农业信息化对农业经济增长的贡献。结果表明:河南省总体农业信息化水平2009—2018年呈缓慢增长,豫北农业信息化水平明显高于豫南,18个地市农业信息化水平差异较大;农业信息化要素投入是当前农业经济增长的主要因素,其弹性系数高于资本投入要素和劳动力投入要素;从合理配置农业信息化资源、输送专业农业信息化人才、支持农业信息化区域差异化发展三方面提出提升农业信息化水平的对策。     

Dead shrub patches as ecosystem engineers in degraded drylands

A long-term drought has led to the mass mortality of shrubs in the semi-arid Israeli Negev.The most impacted shrub species is the Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch.and Schweinf.In a four-year study,we found that herbaceous vegetation growth was greater in the dead shrub patches than in the surrounding inter-patch biocrusted spaces,suggesting that the dead shrub patches encompass improved micro-habitats.However,unexpectedly,the soil moisture in the dead shrub patches was consistently lower than that of the inter-patch biocrusted spaces.At the same time,soil quality in the dead shrub patches was higher than that in the inter-patch spaces.Therefore,it seems that the overall better soil conditions in the dead patches overcome the scarcity of soil-water,supporting increased herbaceous produc-tivity.For explaining the discrepancy between herbaceous vegetation and soil-water,we formulated a conceptual framework,which highlights the key factors that regulate soil-water dynamics in this dryland ecosystem.We demonstrate that herbaceous vegetation is facilitated in the dead shrub patches by a legacy effect that takes place long after the shrubs have died.The dead shrub patches encompass a unique form of ecosystem engineering.The study high-lights the complex and unpredicted impacts of prolonged droughts on dryland ecosystems.