China''''s First Exploration of Chukchi Sea and Its Adjacent Waters in the ArcticA Study on Lead Geochemistry of Atmospheric Aerosol

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Recent Progresses in Atmospheric Remote Sensing Research in China-- Chinese National Report on Atmospheric Remote Sensing Research in China during 1999-2003

Progresses of atmospheric remote sensing research in China during 1999-2003 are summarily introduced.This research includes: (1) microwave remote sensing of the atmosphere; (2) Lidar remote sensing; (3)remote sensing of aerosol optical properties; and (4) other research related to atmospheric remote sensing,including GPS remote sensing of precipitable water vapor and radiation model development.     

气溶胶大气辐射校正区域性分析

针对使用6S模型中标准气溶胶模型进行大气辐射校正时结果较差的问题,该文提出使用实测气溶胶模型代替其进行计算。利用AERONET数据产品分析了香河、榆中等部分站点的气溶胶成分及其区域性分布特点,证明了中国气溶胶的成分具有明显的区域特性;并对6S模型中标准气溶胶模型与香河地基观测气溶胶光学参数进行比较,结果表明,两者具有较大的差异;最后使用不同的气溶胶模型校正Landsat5TM影像,结果表明,采用实测气溶胶数据进行大气辐射校正结果较优。     

北京区域2013严重灰霾污染的主被动遥感监测

灰霾造成的严重大气污染受到人们越来越多的重视。结合2013年1月北京严重灰霾污染事件,介绍了太阳-天空辐射计、激光雷达、多波段CCD相机等遥感监测手段,分析了地-空基、主-被动等遥感方法获得的灰霾气溶胶特性遥感结果,讨论了不同遥感监测手段的特点及联合使用,结果表明：主动遥感手段在严重污染、夜间等情况下具有观测优势,而被动遥感信息含量大,具有获得气溶胶复杂特性参数的能力;地面遥感点、垂直分布线监测数据与卫星遥感的面观测数据相结合,可以初步实现灰霾的主被动遥感立体监测。     

Satellite-measured atmospheric aerosol content in Korea: anthropogenic signals from decadal records

Spatiotemporal characteristics and anthropogenic signals of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) distributions over Korea are investigated in this study using AOT time-series data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). AOT observations, a quantitative measure of the atmospheric quality, had significant geographical variations during the study period (2000–2010). Comparing metro cities or counties with similar populations, western regions showed higher AOT values than eastern regions. Particular matter with a diameter < 10 µm (PM₁₀), including aeolian dust or yellow dust, is the primary component of atmospheric aerosols, and their transport into the region has shown a strong seasonal pattern with its peak from March to April and lows from July to September. These seasonal dust patterns, however, did not correspond well to temporal AOT records, which typically reached the maximum level in June nationwide. Rather, widespread regional fire events and humidity showed significant correlations with AOT time-series. This correlation rapidly increased as the range of fire occurrence was extended to the west as far as 115°E. The relative humidity also had a significant correlation with AOT during the month of June. In addition to urban emission of anthropogenic aerosols, regional biomass burning and secondary growth of hygroscopic aerosols are considered important contributors to the degradation of the atmospheric environment during the non-Asian Dust season over the Korean Peninsula.     

Mean bulk densities of samples of dry atmospheric aerosol particles: A summary of measured data

Mean bulk densities of various samples of dry atmospheric aerosol particles sampled at different sites and during different seasons and weather situations range between 1.8 and more than 3 gm cm³.     

广州市空气颗粒物中烃类物质的粒径分布

用 Andersen六段分级大流量采样器 (粒径为 : 10～ 7.2 μ m, 7.2～ 3.0 μ m, 3.0～ 1.5 μ m, 1.5～ 0.95 μ m, 0.95～ 0.49 μ m, ≤ 0.49 μ m)采集了广州市荔湾区 4个季度的大气颗粒物样品 , 用气相色谱 (GC)定量分析了其中的正构烷烃 (n-alkanes)组分,用气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS)定量分析了其中的多环芳烃 (PAHs)组分. CPI2(代表石油成因的碳优势指数 )、 CPI3(代表生物成因的碳优势指数 ) 和 Wax(植物蜡含量 )表明了石油成因的烷烃倾向于富集在细颗粒物上,而生物成因的烷烃倾向于富集在粗颗粒物上.正构烷烃和低相对分子质量多环芳烃表现出双峰模型分布,高相对分子质量多环芳烃呈现单峰模型分布,仅在细颗粒段有一峰值.烷烃和芳烃秋冬季的 MMDs(质量中值直径 )比春夏季的大.在高温季节化合物优先富集在细颗粒物上,而在低温季节则向粗的颗粒物方向偏移.     

等离子体发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物中的无机元素

建立了用等离子体发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定大气颗粒物中无机元素的分析方法,包括样品消解体系的选择,仪器的操作条件及采样滤膜的选择,产对自行采样分析测得的无机元素数据作了初步的讨论。实验结果表明：采用ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌＯ４消解体系,操作方便,样品消解较完全;选用石英滤膜查减低空白值,保证测定质量以及同时在一张滤膜上测定大气颗粒物中的有机碳、元素碳及无机元素;内标法可有效降低由于仪器漂移等因素对测定     

亚洲地区气溶胶及其对中国区域气候影响的数值模拟

使用一个耦合入化学过程的区域气候模式 (RegCM3), 在NCAR/NCEP再分析资料驱动下, 通过多年时间尺度的连续积分, 进行了亚洲区域气溶胶硫酸盐、 黑碳和有机碳的时空分布及其直接气候效应的数值模拟。首先对模式的模拟能力进行了检验, 结果表明, 模式能够较好地模拟中国地区气温和降水的分布, 对该区域气溶胶的时空分布有一定的模拟能力。模式模拟得到的气溶胶浓度分布在冬季南北差异较大而夏季较小。气溶胶浓度与其形成的大气层顶和地面负短波辐射强迫有较好的对应关系。四川盆地是气溶胶浓度及其产生的辐射强迫的高值区。气溶胶对地面气温和降水都产生影响。其中所引起的冬季气温降低, 与气溶胶的分布和浓度有一定的对应关系, 但夏季引起的降温中心位于河套及黄河下游地区。气溶胶使得冬季和夏季中国东部大部分地区的降水减少。同时, 对气温和降水上述变化的原因进行了讨论。