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241.
岩体节理表面几何特性描述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
岩体节理表面几何特征对岩体变形、刚度、剪切强度和水渗导性有重要影响,一般用节理粗糙度系数(JRC)、节理吻合系数(JMC)来描述。本文用节理表面分维(JSF)来描述节理表面形态的复杂性,为节理表面几何特征描述提供了一个新的方法。 相似文献
242.
T. A. Minshull 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,136(1):286-290
Seismic reflection profiles from Mesozoic oceanic crust around the Blake Spur Fracture Zone (BSFZ) in the western North Atlantic have been widely used in constraining tectonic models of slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. These profiles have anomalously low basement relief compared to crust formed more recently at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the same spreading rate. Profiles from other regions of Mesozoic oceanic crust also have greater relief. The anomalous basement relief and slightly increased crustal thickness in the BSFZ survey area may be due to the presence of a mantle thermal anomaly close to the ridge axis at the time of crustal formation. If so, the intracrustal structures observed may be representative of an atypical tectonic regime. 相似文献
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A set of laboratory experiments on bare, rough soil surfaces was carried out to study the relationship between soil surface roughness and its hydraulic resistance. Existing models relating roughness coefficients to a measure of surface roughness did not predict the hydraulic resistance well for these surfaces. Therefore, a new model is developed to predict the hydraulic resistance of the surface, based on detailed surface roughness data. Roughness profiles perpendicular to the flow are used to calculate the wet cross‐sectional area and hydraulic radius given a certain water level. The algorithm of Savat is then applied to calculate the hydraulic resistance. The value for the equivalent roughness, which is used in the algorithm of Savat, could be predicted from the roughness profiles. Here, the tortuosity of the submerged part of the surface was used, which means that the calculated roughness depends on flow depth. The roughness increased with discharge, due to the fact that rougher parts of the surface became submerged at higher discharges. Therefore, a single measure of surface roughness (e.g. random roughness) is not sufficient to predict the hydraulic resistance. The proposed model allows the extension of the flow over the surface with increasing discharge to be taken into account, as well as the roughness within the submerged part of the surface. Therefore, the model is able to predict flow velocities reasonably well from discharge and roughness data only. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
245.
During the filling of surface microrelief depressions the precipitation excess (precipitation minus infiltration and interception) is divided between surface storage and runoff, i.e. runoff starts before the surface depressions are filled. Information on the division of precipitation excess is needed for modelling surface runoff during the filling of surface depressions. Furthermore, information on the surface of the area covered with water is needed for calculating infiltration of water stored in soil surface depressions. Thirty‐two soil surface microreliefs were determined in Danish erosion study plots. The slope was c. 10% for all plots. Data were treated initially by removing the slope, after which 20 ‘artificial’ slopes (1–20%) were introduced producing 640 new data sets. Runoff during filling of the microrelief storage was calculated for each of the 640 data sets using a model developed for calculating surface storage and runoff from grid elevation measurements. Runoff started immediately after the first addition of water for all data sets. On a field scale, however, runoff has to travel some distance as overland flow and storage in smaller and larger depressions below the runoff initiation point must be taken into consideration. The runoff increases by intermittent steps. Whenever a depression starts to overflow to the border of the plot, the runoff jumps accordingly. In spite of the jumps, the distribution between surface storage and runoff was closely related to the quotient between precipitation excess and depression storage capacity. Surface area covered with water was exponentially related to the amount of water stored in surface depressions. Models for calculating surface storage and runoff from grid elevation measurements are cumbersome and require time‐consuming measurements of the soil surface microrelief. Therefore, estimation from roughness indices requiring fewer measurements is desirable. New improved equations for such estimations are suggested. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
246.
研究浅水半潜式大功率浮式风力机波浪载荷和气动力引起的基础结构疲劳损伤,揭示基础结构的疲劳损伤机理。采用谱疲劳损伤计算分析方法,以10 MW风力机为例,计算波浪载荷引起的热点应力及多种海况引起的疲劳损伤。采用叶素动量理论并基于所在海域的风速分布,计算叶轮转动引起的气动力及其引起的疲劳损伤。计算结果表明,对于半潜式三立柱浮式风力机,波浪载荷引起的基础结构应力远大于气动力引起的基础结构应力,基础结构损伤主要是由波浪载荷引起,气动力引起的浮式基础结构的损伤为10-3量级,而波浪载荷引起的损伤为10-1量级。 相似文献
247.
溢流式熔岩喷发是火山喷发的一种常见形式,容易造成火山灾害.从火口或裂隙呈液态喷发出的溶岩,沿地表向前流动,熔岩温度逐渐降低,黏度随之增大,流动速度逐渐减慢,直至停滞、凝结.炙热熔岩流在流动过程中,会对沿途及周边植被、建筑物和人员等造成破坏和伤亡.Andrew和Rowland(2015)对aa和pahoehoe的力学原理... 相似文献
248.
利用简化动力学近似分析黑河实验区的感热通量 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文利用简化动力学近似.运用统计和参数化两种方法分析了黑河实验区的感热通量.结果表明:不稳定条件下绿洲区的感热通量与近地面辐射温度(T3)和空气温度(Ta)之差符合幂定律方程;沙漠地区符合形式为H=f[u(T2-Ta)]的幂定律方程。利用从实验得到的热传输附加阻尼表示式kB^-1=0.2u(T2-Ta)用于对空气动力学阻尼(ra)的参数化,可适用于不同下垫面.并得到了比较满意的感热通量值.最后利用以上结果计算了实验区的潜热通量并做了比较分析。 相似文献
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