基于CityEngine的二三维联动三维地籍建模

基于对地籍二三维联动机制的分析,本文提出了运用CityEngine建立二三维联动三维地籍系统的方法。该法通过导入实验区已有不动产调查数据,应用规则对平面图形进行拉伸、分面、分割等建模处理,实现了二、三维地籍信息的交互与联动。实验区三维场景导出后,通过发布于Web实现了三维地籍模型的空间查询与分析。实验结果证明,基于CityEngine的二三维联动地籍模型可充分兼容Arc GIS数据库,且规则建模简单,可重复利用,大大节省数据成本,缩短开发周期,适宜于大规模批量三维地籍建模,在真三维地籍未被提出的前提下,运用CityEngine构建三维地籍不失为一种高效可行的方法。     

A method of standardizing teaching administration

This paper analyses two kinds of theories, the theory of objective of management and the theory of process management. On the basis of this, the paper points out the views and method of standardizing teaching administration. This paper also reviews the process of standardizing teaching administration, taking Wuhan University as a case. Finally, some methods for standardizing teaching administration are presented.     

棉花调拨业务网络管理系统的研制

利用数据库知识对供销社系统棉麻公司内部棉花调拨业务进行了具体的分析、合理规划与设计,充分利用微机处理,网络通讯技术,以码单原始数据的快速录入（有条件的可以直接将电子称重系统直接与微机连接,读取数据将更方便）、及时复核、顺利输出、方便查询为出发点,建立了一套完整的网络化数据库管理系统,目的是为棉麻系统的用户大大减轻劳动强度,提高工作效率,同时为调拨业务的迅速准确提供决策支持。     

Land use mapping from CBERS-2 images with open source tools by applying different classification algorithms

Land cover classification is often based on different characteristics between their classes, but with great homogeneity within each one of them. This cover is obtained through field work or by mean of processing satellite images. Field work involves high costs; therefore, digital image processing techniques have become an important alternative to perform this task. However, in some developing countries and particularly in Casacoima municipality in Venezuela, there is a lack of geographic information systems due to the lack of updated information and high costs in software license acquisition. This research proposes a low cost methodology to develop thematic mapping of local land use and types of coverage in areas with scarce resources. Thematic mapping was developed from CBERS-2 images and spatial information available on the network using open source tools. The supervised classification method per pixel and per region was applied using different classification algorithms and comparing them among themselves. Classification method per pixel was based on Maxver algorithms (maximum likelihood) and Euclidean distance (minimum distance), while per region classification was based on the Bhattacharya algorithm. Satisfactory results were obtained from per region classification, where overall reliability of 83.93% and kappa index of 0.81% were observed. Maxver algorithm showed a reliability value of 73.36% and kappa index 0.69%, while Euclidean distance obtained values of 67.17% and 0.61% for reliability and kappa index, respectively. It was demonstrated that the proposed methodology was very useful in cartographic processing and updating, which in turn serve as a support to develop management plans and land management. Hence, open source tools showed to be an economically viable alternative not only for forestry organizations, but for the general public, allowing them to develop projects in economically depressed and/or environmentally threatened areas.     

规划用地红线的数字化管理

规划用地红线是规划管理工作中的一种重要数据。同时，规划用地红线的数字化是城市数字化建设工作中不可或缺的一部分。论述了用地红线数字化系统的基本功能及实现方法。这些功能包括：用地红外辅助设计、查询统计、图形输出、记录历史变更及WEB发布等。详细介绍了用地红线辅助设计实现的基本思想及几种典型的功能。在数据组织与技术难点中，论述了记录用地红线历史变更的实现思想。最后，讨论了WEBGIS开发方法，并展示了利用转换GIS数据格式方法开发出来的用地红线WEB发布模型。     

《巴黎协定》与特朗普政府的履约前景

《巴黎协定》生效标志着全球气候治理进程从达约阶段转向履约阶段。但是,履约阶段并不意味着全球气候风险得到控制,反而面临新的挑战。本文从《巴黎协定》入手,分析了《巴黎协定》自身存在的不足,重点考察了美国的履约意愿,分析了特朗普政府退出《巴黎协定》及其影响,探讨了未来美国的气候立场。研究发现,《巴黎协定》在减排力度、气候资金及遵约条款三方面存在先天不足,导致《巴黎协定》有效性仍取决于缔约方的履约意愿和履约能力。当前美国国内政局演变导致美国联邦政府气候政策出现倒退,有可能对《巴黎协定》缔约方的履约意愿和履约能力产生不良影响。但是,这种不良影响仅仅是短暂的。美国在国际格局中的地位变化以及美国业已成形的低碳转型,共同决定了特朗普气候政策并不会从根本上动摇《巴黎协定》。长期来看,美国对全球领导力的诉求、国内应对气候变化的内在动力以及来自外部的道义压力这三大因素势将促使美国在未来重新回归《巴黎协定》。     

印度洋地震海啸引发的思考

从2004年12月印度洋发生地震海啸造成的灾难中得到启示，从完善我国的应急救援、防灾救灾体系、法律法规体系，预测系统、快速反应预警系统以及启动应急预案、组建应急指挥体系、组织应急救援队伍、实施应急救援等方面，阐述了建立应急救援指挥机构和各种应急队伍的必要性，绘制了灾害处理应急流程图，分析了应急队伍所应承担的任务，提出在我国应尽快建立地震海啸预警机制的建议。     

顾及生态安全格局的流域生态保护红线划定及管控研究——以云南杞麓湖流域为例

生态保护红线划定是保障国土空间生态安全的重要举措,对保持生态系统的完整性,实现可持续发展具有重要意义.本文基于生态系统服务功能和生态敏感性对杞麓湖流域进行生态安全格局体系的构建,并开展精细化的生态保护红线划定研究,并进一步结合无人机航拍影像及实地调研成果,构建管控路径.得到结论:(1)水源涵养、水土保持、生物多样性、洪水调蓄重要性评价中的极重要区域叠加得到生态系统服务功能极重要区.者湾河、长沙河、大沙河及沟谷密度较大的山区敏感性最高,坝区整体生态敏感性较高.(2)一级生态保护红线范围包括生态极重要区域、生态极敏感区域及湖泊岸线、水库.二级生态保护红线范围包括环湖生态缓冲区、山区林地生态缓冲区及以河流为主的生态廊道.三级生态保护红线范围为生态协调区,土地覆盖以农田为主.(3)一级生态保护红线范围内的生态极敏感区应采取相关生态修复技术进行生态功能的保护.二级生态保护红线范围以生态保护为重点,保持该区域的生态环境质量.三级生态保护红线范围通过生态修复进行整体优化,提高生态环境承载能力.     

Authorization administration in a distributed multi-application environment

To meet the authorization administration requirements in a distributed computer network environment, this paper extends the role-based access control model with multiple application dimensions and establishes a new access control model ED-RBAC(Extended Role Based Access Control Model) for the distributed environment. We propose an extendable hierarchical authorization assignment framework and design effective role-registering, role-applying and role-assigning protocol with symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic systems. The model can be used to simplify authorization administration in a distributed environment with multiple applications.     

智慧城市的理论与落地建设

指出智慧城市=数字城市+物联网+云计算+智慧应用,智慧应用是智慧城市的落脚点。分析总结了智慧城市与数字城市相比的3个共同点和5个不同点,提出了智慧应用与数字应用的区别,并指出物联网、云计算、二三维一体化GIS技术、移动GIS技术是当前智慧城市建设的4大技术特征。文中还介绍了Supermap两个中心(云服务中心和城市运行管理中心)+n个应用的智慧城市务实解决方案。