抗差自适应卡尔曼滤波在GPS精密单点定位中的应用

卡尔曼滤波是GPS精密单点定位中最常用的参数估计方法.理论上讲,随着观测数据的增多,通过卡尔曼滤波可以得到更精确的状态估值,但有时由于状态异常或发生大的周跳等原因,使得状态估值与实际状态之间的误差较大,滤波会发生发散现象,为此,本文提出了将抗差自适应滤波模型运用到精密单点定位中,通过算例分析显示,该方法将显著提高定位结...     

Contourlet域相关和阈值衰减联合去噪方法及其在地震资料处理中的应用

针对常规方法不能很好地压制复杂地质条件下的低信噪比地震记录中的随机噪声的问题,提出了Contourlet域相关和阈值衰减联合去噪方法（CTCT）。首先,采用Contourlet分解地震资料,对得到的尺度-方向分量进行倾角扫描,通过相关叠加压制随机噪声;然后,对相干加强处理后的剩余随机噪声采用非线性阈值进一步衰减。模型算例及实例结果表明,此方法压制随机干扰的效果要优于传统方法,一定程度上改善了常规滤波方法在压制噪声时对有效波的影响。     

一种抑制GPS射频干扰的空频自适应处理算法

为了提高窄带干扰与期望卫星信号同向时的抑制性能,提出了一种新的空频自适应滤波算法。该算法首先利用频域实系数自适应滤波对信号进行预处理抑制窄带干扰,然后在频域直接对处理后的信号进行空频自适应处理抑制宽带干扰。算法在预处理时采用自适应滤波可有效减少期望卫星信号的损失以及SFAP导向矢量误差。仿真实验表明,相对于普通的空时及空频自适应处理算法,新算法有效地提高了输出信干噪比,在干扰与信号同向的情况下也能表现出优良的处理性能。     

结构保持的图像序列自适应超分辨率重建

基于概率运动估计的超分辨算法能克服传统超分辨率方法过分依赖于准确运动估计的缺点,为了改善其重建效果,通过分析图像的局部结构模式,给出了局部空域活跃度的定义表征图像的局部结构特征,设计了形状、尺度自适应的非局部空时邻域窗口函数,进而提出了一种结构保持的超分辨率自适应重建算法。实验结果显示,本文方法具有更好的重建性能。     

高频地波雷达电离层杂波抑制研究

基于高频地波雷达中的电离层杂波特性,提出了一种基于时频分析结合自适应旁瓣对消来抑制电离层杂波的方法。该方法首先通过时频分析合理地选择扫频脉冲时段和多普勒频率区间,然后对选定的时频域区间利用特征分解法分别进行阵元-脉冲域和阵元-多普勒域抑制电离层杂波,最后利用阵列结构特点采用分段处理的自适应旁瓣对消继续对电离层杂波进行抑制。实测数据表明,该处理方法对电离层杂波的抑制效果很好。     

载波相位差分接收机自主完好性监测研究

首先提出了浮点变换完全去相关法,该方法能够在单历元动态确定整周模糊度。研究了基于载波相位测量的完好性监测方法。利用最小二乘残差构造统计检验量,对整周模糊度进行检测。分析了定位误差保护限与卫星构型、漏警概率的关系。实测数据表明,整周模糊度在单历元动态求解的成功率为100%,增加1颗卫星将使垂直定位误差保护限减少约0.2 m,统计检验量检测周跳的正确率为100%。     

Probabilistic rainfall thresholds for flood forecasting: evaluating different methodologies for modelling rainfall spatial correlation (or dependence)

Rainfall threshold (RT) method is one of the evolving flood forecasting approaches. When the cumulative rainfall depth for a given initial soil moisture condition intersects the threshold rainfall curve, the peak discharge is expected to be equal or greater than the threshold discharge for flooding at the target site. Besides the total rainfall depth, spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall impacts the flood peak discharge and the time to peak. To revisit a previous study conducted by the authors, in which spatially independent rainfall pattern was assumed, the spatial distribution of rainfall was simulated following a Monte Carlo approach. The structure of the spatial dependence among sub‐watersheds' rainfalls was taken into account under three different scenarios, namely independent, bivariate copula (2copula) and multivariate Gaussian copula (MGC). For each set of generated random dimensionless rainfalls, the probabilistic RT curves were derived for dry moisture condition. Results were evaluated with both historical and simulated events. For the simulated events, threshold curves were assessed by means of categorical statistics, such as hit rate, false rate and critical success index (CSI). Results revealed that the best performance based on the CSI criterion corresponded to 50% curve in 2copula and MGC scenarios as well as 90% curve in the independent scenario. The recognition of 50% curve in 2copula and MGC scenarios is in agreement with our expectations that the mean probable curve should have the best performance. Moreover, the proposed inclusion of spatially dependent rainfall scenario improved the performance of RT curves by about 25% in comparison with the presumed spatially uniform rainfall scenario. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Theoretical constraints to gully erosion research: time for a re‐evaluation of concepts and assumptions?

Gullies are conceptualized in the literature as essentially fluvial forms with dimensional boundaries arbitrarily defined between rills and river channels. This notion is incompatible with the existing variability of form and process, as mass movements frequently exert a fundamental control on gully initiation and expansion, to the point of features outgrowing their original contributing area. The inability of a conceptual framework to incorporate existing observations inevitably constrains methodologies and research results. In this commentary, several examples of published results are contrasted with the prevailing assumption of an essentially fluvial nature, with the purpose of encouraging discussion on the need for a revised conceptual framework in gully erosion research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自相关法单频干扰识别与消除方法

常规单频干扰压制方法需要估算频率、振幅和相位,由于频率和相位与单频干扰呈非线性函数关系,因此任何参数估算方法都会非常费时,且计算效率低下.本文提出的自相关法单频干扰识别与消除方法,利用地震数据自相关函数计算单频干扰自相关函数,采用余弦函数自适应减算法快速估算单频干扰.本方法不需要估算单频干扰的频率、相位和振幅参数,因此...     

Theory and experimental study for sliding isolators with variable curvature

Because a conventional isolation system with constant isolation frequency is usually a long‐period dynamic system, its seismic response is likely to be amplified in earthquakes with strong long‐period wave components, such as near‐fault ground motions. Seismic isolators with variable mechanical properties may provide a promising solution to alleviate this problem. To this end, in this work sliding isolators with variable curvature (SIVC) were studied experimentally. An SIVC isolator is similar to a friction pendulum system (FPS) isolator, except that its sliding surface has variable curvature rather being spherical. As a result, the SIVC's isolation stiffness that is proportional to the curvature becomes a function of the isolator displacement. By appropriately designing the geometry of the sliding surface, the SIVC is able to possess favorable hysteretic behavior. In order to prove the applicability of the SIVC concept, several prototype SIVC isolators, whose sliding surfaces are defined by a sixth‐order polynomial function, were fabricated and tested in this study. A cyclic element test on the prototype SIVC isolators and a shaking table test on an SIVC isolated steel frame were all conducted. The results of both tests have verified that the prototype SIVC isolators do indeed have the hysteretic property of variable stiffness as prescribed by the derived formulas in this study. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the proposed SIVC is able to effectively reduce the isolator drift in a near‐fault earthquake with strong long‐period components, as compared with that of an FPS system with the same friction coefficient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.