Optimization of medium and cultivation conditions for enhanced exopolysaccharide yield by marine Cyanothece sp. 113

Cyanothece sp. 113 is a unicellular, aerobic, diazotrophic and photosynthetic marine cyanobacterium. The optimal medium for exopolysaccharide yield by the strain was 70.0 g/L of NaCl, and 0.9 g/L of MgSO4 based on the modified F/2 medium for cultivation of marine algae. The optimal cultivation condition for exopolysaccharide yield by this cyanobacterial strain was 29°C, aeration, and continuous illumination at 86.0 μE/M2/S. Under the optimal conditions, over 18.4 g/L of exopolysaccharide was produced within 12 days. This was so far the highest exopolysaccharide yield produced with strains of Cyanothece sp. obtained.     

海水盐度变化影响裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata)(Ulvales, Chlorophyta)幼体的生长和光合作用

Seawater salinity is greatly influenced by tide, evaporation and rain falls. In this study, we investigated the growth and photosynthetic responses of zygote-derivedUlva fasciata Delile germlings to sh...     

The effects of elevated-CO2 on physiological performance of Bryopsis plumosa

An increase in the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and the resultant rise in CO2 in seawater alter the inorganic carbon concentrations of seawater. This change, known as ocean acidification, ...     

几种环境因子对高生物量赤潮甲藻——东海原甲藻光合作用的影响

利用测定净光合放氧速率的方法研究了温度、盐度、pH值和光照强度对东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)光合作用的影响.东海原甲藻适宜的温度范围是15～30℃,最适温度22～28℃,低于9℃和高于33℃,不能进行光合作用;适宜的盐度范围为22～35,最适盐度28～30;适宜的pH范围较小,为6.0～9.0, 最适pH值范围7.5～8.5,与所生活的海洋环境一致,pH高于9.5,不能进行有效的光合作用,pH10.0可致死全部细胞;光饱和点在600 μmol/(m~2·s)附近,在更高光强下没有发生光抑制.测定的对光合作用适宜的条件和最适条件与他人培养试验结果一致,与东海原甲藻赤潮发生现场的生态调查结果吻合.表明通过测定光合作用速率对主要生态因子变化的响应,可以掌握藻类生长繁殖对主要生态因子的要求以及对这些因子变化的适应能力.了解赤潮藻的生理生态特性是认识赤潮发生机理的基础,本研究结果为认识赤潮发生的机理提供了重要的信息.     

GIS与RS技术支持下的北京西北地区景观格局优化

在区域尺度上以城市化过程为特征的土地利用活动对景观功能的稳定和景观结构的差异性有着深刻的影响。选择北京西北地区为研究区域, 应用RS 与GIS 技术, 对1989 年、1996 年、2005 年三期LANDSAT TM 图像进行解译判读, 深入分析研究区景观格局时空变化特征, 发现城市扩展造成了生态绿地破碎化、景观连通性降低及景观单一等一系列问题。在此基础上, 本研究以景观流运行受距离、障碍等因素影响原理作为出发点, 采用累积耗费距离模型, 结合景观组分的生态系统服务功能价值和空间作用, 研究了北京西北地区景观结构紧密性和生态功能空间差异, 进而构建源地、生态廊道和生态节点等景观组分来加强生态网络的空间联系, 最后提出本研究区域的景观格局优化方案。该研究方法及结果对北京地区景观生态规划和建设具有重要的理论依据和和参考价值。     

Impacts of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> enrichment on growth and photosynthesis in freshwater and marine diatoms

The physiological responses of Nitzschia palea Kvtzing, a freshwater diatom, to elevated CO2 were investigated and compared with those of a marine diatom, Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmermann previously reported. Elevated CO2 concentration to 700 μl/L increased the dissolved inorganic carbon （D!C） and lowered the pH in the cultures of N. palea, thus enhancing the growth by 4%-20% during the whole growth period. High CO2-grown N. palea cells showed lower levels of dark respiration rates and higher Ik values. Light-saturated photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic efficiencies decreased in N. palea with the doubling CO2 concentration in airflow to the bottom of cultures, although the doubling CO2 concentration in airflow to the surface cultures had few effects on these two photosynthetic parameters. N. palea cells were found to be capable of using HCO5 in addition to gaseous CO2, and the CO2 enrichment decreased their affinity for HCO5 and CO2. Although doubled CO2 level would enhance the biomass of N. patea and C. muelleri to different extents, compared with the marine diatom, it had a significant effect on the specific growth rates of N. palea. In addition, the responses of photosynthetic parameters of IV. palea to doubled CO2 concentration were almost opposite to those of C. muelleri.     

Nutrient attenuation in a shallow,gravel-bed river. I. In-situ chamber experiments

ABSTRACT

Dissolved nutrient uptake and metabolism by periphyton in a central North Island gravel-bed river were investigated using recirculating in-situ chambers. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) uptake was correlated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll but N uptake and carbon fixation were partly de-coupled indicating storage. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) uptake was only weakly correlated with photosynthesis. Diatoms and green algae relied on DRP in the water, but Cyanobacteria met part of their P needs from storage. Dissolved organic nutrients were excreted in both light and dark incubations, with approximately 50% of DIN uptake during photosynthesis excreted as DON. To simulate diurnal variations in nutrients, oxygen and pH existing computer models need to de-couple photosynthesis from nutrient uptake, allow for variable stoichiometry and better quantify recycling of organic nutrients.     

Coral reef productivity and diversity—Contributions from enhanced photosynthesis via demand for carbohydrate from the host

Coral reefs’ high productivity has been attributed mainly to photosymbioses between the coral animal and algae of the family Symbiodiniaceae, with recognition that the host can increase algal photosynthesis by concentrating nutrients and enhancing the efficiency of light absorption. Here, we propose that an additional effect, consumption of carbohydrate by the host, may also enhance algal photosynthesis. We examine evidence from symbiosis between terrestrial plants and root fungi that indicates a link between carbohydrate consumption by the symbiotic partner and photosynthetic upregulation in the plant system. In addition, we review evidence from free-living algae manipulated to exude carbohydrate into the external medium, which was associated with strong upregulation of photosynthetic capacity. We offer suggestions on how host-induced carbohydrate release may increase photosynthesis rates in the symbionts in the intact photosymbiosis and how this relationship evolved.     

Bioreactor technology for production of valuable algal products

INTRODUCTIONManystudiesonvascularplantSduringthenontwperiodhavedrireP0redinChinaandabroad.TherearefeWreportSonwhethertherearesomevasctilarplantS,andhowmanyspedessurvive,underice,andontheirbiomassesandphotosyntheticproduCtivitiesduringwinter,espedal1yduringbeAfpinchLillyamepe0ylenctal.,l976,Liuetal.,l994).WeimtlycarriedoutaseadriontheunderforvascularplantsdurinwinderinsomewaterbodieswherevascularplantSgrowluxdrianhydurinInildareonsinnorthemareas,soastoimproveourknowedgeofvascularplaflt…     

考虑温度效应软黏土累积塑形应变模型及验证

通过对宁波饱和软黏土开展应力控制循环三轴试验,研究了不同温度、动应力、初始偏应力、围压作用对累积塑性应变的影响。在试验的基础上,引入综合影响参数对试验数据进行归一化,建立饱和软黏土累积塑性应变的双曲线模型,并基于动态平衡的假设,建立了长期动荷载作用下饱和软黏土达到平衡状态后的归一化累积塑性应变预测模型及考虑温度影响的考虑温度影响的归一化累积塑性应变预测模型,模型预测值与试验结果吻合性较好,可以为轨道交通设计和施工提供参考。